高考改革需要更加重视科学学科

柯政

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2018.03.002

高考改革需要更加重视科学学科

doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2018.03.002

柯政

华东师范大学课程与教学研究所, 上海 200062

基金项目:

国家社科基金教育学重大招标课题"适应新高考要求的普通高中学业水平考试与综合素质评价实施策略研究" VHA150003

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出版历程
- 刊出日期: 2018-05-20

More Emphasis on Science Subjects in Gaokao Reform

KE Zheng

Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

摘要

摘要: 在之前的高考制度体系中，物理、化学等科学学科事实上有着很高的学科地位。但在这次新高考改革之后，科学学科的地位大幅削弱。这是一个需要引起我们高度关注的大问题，我们还没有发展到可以不重视科学学科的时候。报考科学学科的人数比例明显下滑，主要的原因不是实施了选考制度，而是因为不科学的计分制度导致报考科学学科的学生遭受不公平。为解决这个问题，各方提出了多种解决方案，本文对各备择方案的主要利弊进行分析，并提出在当前高考制度中，解决这个问题必须抓住的三个关键问题。
- 高考改革 /
- 科学学科 /
- 计分制度 /
- 选考制度
Abstract: Some science subjects like physics and chemistry, played an important role in China's early Gaokao system. However, in new Gaokao, the importance of science subjects has been greatly weakened, which has become a great concern. It's understood that China's development has a lot to do with science education. Nowadays, the number of registered students for science examination has decreased significantly. The main reason is that unscientific scoring methods have put those students at a disadvantage. Solutions to this problem are sought by different stake-holders. Based on its analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these solutions, this paper argues that, considering the current Gaokao's policy framework, three measures should be taken to solve this problem.
- Gaokao reform /
- science subject /
- scoring methods /
- optional examination subject

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表 1 江苏省2003-2007年主要选考科目组合的人数比例

	物化	物生	政史	史地	理科(2组总和)	文科(2组总和)	总占比
2003	35.16%	23.42%	34.81%	2.18%	58.58%	36.99%	95.57%
2004	41.35%	23.81%	29.90%	2.10%	65.16%	32.00%	97.16%
2005	43.18%	21.14%	28.67%	4.40%	64.32%	33.07%	97.40%
2006	41.00%	15.17%	33.95%	8.88%	56.17%	42.83%	99.00%
2007	37.11%	12.79%	38.13%	10.65%	49.90%	48.78%	98.68%

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表 2 2008-2016年主要选考科目组合的人数比例

	物化	物生	政史	史地	理科(2组总和)	文科(2组总和)	4组占总数比例
2008	34.55%	20.03%	29.47%	14.55%	54.58%	44.02%	98.60%
2009	33.10%	20.82%	28.44%	13.96%	53.92%	42.40%	96.32%
2010	25.61%	21.83%	27.44%	16.62%	47.44%	44.06%	91.50%
2011	28.63%	27.56%	25.79%	13.34%	56.19%	39.13%	95.32%
2012	31.79%	29.01%	22.74%	10.80%	60.80%	33.54%	94.34%
2013	32.21%	30.69%	22.38%	9.04%	62.90%	31.43%	94.33%
2014	30.79%	31.21%	23.75%	8.69%	62.00%	32.44%	94.43%
2015	29.84%	30.96%	25.45%	8.46%	60.80%	33.91%	94.71%
2016	27.48%	32.01%	24.91%	9.04%	59.49%	33.95%	93.44%

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