The Influencing Factors on Global Competency of Youth: Evidence from a Freshman Survey in a Research University
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摘要: 随着全球化发展的势不可挡以及国际竞争的不断加剧，提升中国青少年的国际素养，对中国进一步对外开放战略和全球竞争力的提升具有重要意义。本研究试图探索哪些因素影响了青少年的国际素养。通过对一所研究型大学3000余名新生作入学前全样本问卷调查，采用OLS线性回归、中介效应检验等方法，将家庭背景、就业期望及高中经历作为解释变量，分析其对青少年国际素养的影响，并尝试探究就读高竞争性中学是否在家庭背景及青少年国际素养之间起中介作用。研究结果发现，家庭背景、就业期望及高中经历对青少年国际素养有显著影响，且就读高竞争性中学在家庭背景和国际素养中起到部分中介作用。Abstract: In the era of globalization, it's important for China to cultivate more international talents, es-pecially the international competency of Chinese young people. This research aims to explore the factors af-fecting the teenager's international competency. With over 3, 000 freshman from a certain research university as a full sample in a questionnaire survey, OLS linear regression and mediating effect test are used to analyze the influence of family background, employment expectation and experience of senior high school as explana-tory variables on teenagers' international competency. Moreover, this paper attempts to explore whether high-ly competitive middle schools play a mediating role between family background and international competency. According to the results, family background, employment expectation and experience of senior high school significantly affect teenagers' international competency.
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Key words:
- global competence /
- international competency /
- family background /
- employment expectation /
- influencing factor /
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表 1 描述性统计(样本量2646份)
变量 样本 均值 标准差 就业期望 公共部门就业 2646 0.50 0.50 高中经历 就读高竞争中学 2646 0.49 0.50 高中为理科生 2646 0.88 0.32 家庭背景 城镇户口 2646 0.85 0.36 父母高教育程度 2646 0.55 0.50 父母是中共党员 2646 0.59 0.49 父母高政治地位 2646 0.13 0.34 父亲职业 公务人员 870 高级技术人员 438 中低级技术人员 609 商人 264 体力劳动者 467 知识与理解 2646 50.85 22.38 自我报告国际素养得分 技能 2646 33.62 26.59 态度与价值观 2646 79.54 18.61 总分 2646 52.41 17.97 
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表 2 国际素养描述性统计
国际素养 样本量 均值 标准差 知识与理解 2646 50.85 22.38 技能 2646 33.62 26.59 态度与价值观 2646 79.54 18.61 总分 2646 52.41 17.97
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表 3 不同群体间国际素养差异
样本量 知识与理解 技能 态度与价值观 总分 均值 标准差 均值 标准差 均值 标准差 均值 标准差 T检验显著性 性别 男 1853 50.66 0.52 32.42 0.62 78.15 0.44 51.52 0.42 0.0001 女 795 51.29 0.80 36.44 0.94 82.78 0.61 54.48 0.63 显著 城乡 城镇 403 42.66 1.11 17.16 0.92 72.93 0.98 41.65 0.79 0.0001 农村 2245 52.32 0.47 35.58 0.56 80.73 0.38 54.34 0.37 显著 父母受教育程度 父母至少有1人受过高等教育 1453 53.36 0.58 40.78 0.72 81.35 0.47 56.42 0.47 0.0001 父母均未受过高等教育 1195 47.80 0.64 24.92 0.66 77.33 0.56 47.54 0.49 显著 高中经历 文科 213 62.41 1.15 36.32 1.56 82.07 1.00 58.28 1.01 0.0001 理科 2335 49.30 0.46 33.26 0.55 79.20 0.39 51.62 0.37 显著
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表 4 父亲职业不同的学生国际素养比较
样本量 知识与理解 技能 态度与价值观 总分 均值 标准差 均值 标准差 均值 标准差 均值 标准差 父亲职业 公务人员 870 55.02 21.83 41.47 26.61 82.16 18.42 57.50 17.62 高级专业技术人员 438 52.16 21.62 38.64 27.54 81.02 17.62 55.12 17.79 中低级专业技术人员 609 49.36 21.39 28.97 24.45 79.68 17.97 50.21 16.46 商人 264 51.29 23.22 32.92 26.32 79.46 18.26 52.30 18.06 体力劳动者 467 43.54 22.94 20.77 21.89 73.11 19.46 43.33 16.63
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表 5 国际素养影响因素的回归结果
因变量 知识与理解 技能 态度与价值观 总分 Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 家庭背景 城镇户口 3.584** 6.727*** 4.834*** 4.356*** 父母高教育程度 6.692*** 2.988*** 2.785*** 父母是党员 父母高政治地位 2.892*** 4.787** 3.529*** 3.941*** 3.752*** 父亲职业 父亲为公务人员 3.449** 5.576*** 3.808*** 3.566*** 父亲为高级技术人员 3.759** 2.241** 2.028** 父亲为中低级专业技术人员 父亲为商人 5.187*** 2.884** 2.583** 父亲为体力劳动者 -2.921* -3.911** 高中经历 就读高竞争中学 5.534*** 2.223** N/A 2.941*** 高中为理科生 -14.653*** -5.789*** -5.719*** 就业期望 公共部门就业 -1.592* -5.641*** -4.452*** -3.939*** -3.674*** 控制变量 是否有兄弟姐妹、性别、生源省份、社会称许性 R-squared 0.1482 0.2273 0.0987 0.2053 0.2105 注：N=2646，*p < 0.10，**p < 0.05，***p < 0.01，仅标出p < 0.1的结果。
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表 6 就读高竞争性中学变量的二元Logistic回归
因变量 就读高竞争性中学(Model 6) 家庭背景 城镇户口 0.949*** 父母高教育程度 0.351*** 父母高政治面貌 父母高政治地位 0.336** 父亲职业 父亲为公务人员 0.413*** 父亲为高级技术人员 0.356*** 父亲为中低级技术人员 父亲为商人 0.535*** 父亲为体力劳动者 控制变量 是否有兄弟姐妹、性别、公共部门就业、高中为理科生、生源省份、社会称许性 Pseudo R 2 0.2117 注：N=2646，*p < 0.10，**p < 0.05，***p < 0.01，仅标出p < 0.1的结果。
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