推动儿童早期发展——从个体到社会

[美]加里·达姆施塔特(Gary Darmstadt); 杨洁; 聂景春; 安琪; 刘恺; 史耀疆

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.03.015

推动儿童早期发展——从个体到社会

doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.03.015

1.
斯坦福大学医学院, 旧金山, 美国
2.
陕西师范大学教育实验经济研究所, 西安, 710119

基金项目:

高等学校学科创新引智计划 B16031

详细信息

作者简介:
[美]加里·达姆施塔特(Gary Darmstadt)：加里·达姆施塔特(Gary Darmstadt)，斯坦福大学医学院妇幼卫生院副院长，新生儿发育医学部儿科教授，美国儿科和皮肤科医学科学会院士。他曾担任比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会资深研究员，并在此期间发起了解决性别不平等问题和促进人类健康与发展的研究。他还是世界卫生组织顾问专家，《柳叶刀》杂志专家团队成员

通讯作者:
杨洁

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出版历程
- 刊出日期: 2019-05-20

Promoting Early Childhood Development: From Individual to Society

1.
Stanford University School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA
2.
Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119

摘要

摘要: 多项研究成果表明，儿童早期发展对个体的身体发育、大脑发展、心理健康有着长远影响，甚至会影响下一代的健康和福祉。数据显示，全球中低收入国家有近2.5亿儿童处于风险之中（极端贫困或发育滞后），他们的发展是促进经济增长、推动社会公平、实现全人类福祉的关键。母亲孕期及哺乳期的护理和喂养知识的普及、回应式养育照护的实施、对心理健康的关注等措施，能够有效提高孕产妇及婴幼儿的营养及健康状况。本文由儿童早期大脑发育规律及面临的风险开始，从干预内容、政府参与以及干预成本效益等方面，对有效的儿童早期发展干预项目进行了系统描述，并指出政府参与儿童早期发展的重要性，希望为未来各国在该领域的探索提供新的启示。
- 儿童早期发展 /
- 政府行动 /
- 成本效益 /
- 养育照料框架
Abstract: A number of research results show that early childhood development has a long-term impact on individual physical development, brain development, mental health, and even affects the health and well-being of the next generation. Data show that nearly 250 million children in low and middle-income countries around the world are at risk-in extreme poverty or underdevelopment -and that their development is key to economic growth, social equity and the well-being of all people. Nursing during pregnancy and lactation, popularization of feeding knowledge, implementation of responsive nursing care and attention to mental health can effectively improve the nutrition and health status of pregnant women and infants. This paper, first deals with the early childhood brain development rules and the risk involved, then systematically describes the effective early childhood development intervention from the aspect of content of the intervention, government involvement and intervention cost effectiveness. In conclusion, it points out the importance of government involvement in early childhood development, thus providing new inspiration for future research.
- early childhood development /
- government action /
- cost-effectiveness /
- nurturing care framework

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图 1 大脑发育过程

来源：Thompson & Nelson, 2001

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 受极端贫困或发育滞后影响的儿童数量(按国家收入划分)

数据来源：Lu et al., 2016

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 养育照护框架

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 2016—2030年73个高负担国家实现两种覆盖率支出表

国家	高覆盖率 (百万)	中等覆盖率 (百万)	人均增量成本
中上收入国家(11)	17.3	8.5	0.30
中低收入国家(32)	15.5	6.6	0.20
低收入国家(30)	1.6	0.9	0.10
合计	34.4	16	0.20
数据来源：Linda et al., 2016

下载: 导出CSV

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