Constructing University Entrepreneurial Support System: Experience from Columbia University
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摘要: 大学如何支持师生创业是一个系统性的大工程,既需要大学内部不同组织相互配合与协作,也需要大学与外部资源优势互补、联合发力。哥伦比亚大学在协同合作理念下践行全方位创业支持策略,以创业人力资本开发与创业孵化综合保障为着力点,积极融入纽约市创业生态系统。以主体全覆盖的创业人力资本开发聚焦全校师生创业意识与能力培养;以资源全共享的创业孵化保障侧重全校师生及校友创业服务的各要素支持,共同构成大学创业支持系统。Abstract: How to implement entrepreneurial support strategy is a systematic project for a university. It requires the cooperation and support of different departments within the university as well as the complementary and combined efforts of the university and the external resources. Through cooperation, Columbia University adopts an all-encompassing entrepreneurial support strategy, focusing on the cultivation of entrepreneurial human capital and the incubation guarantee in the process of entrepreneurship. Besides, the university actively integrates into the New York City entrepreneurial ecosystem. To cultivate entrepreneurial human capital, Columbia seeks to raise the entrepreneurial awareness of the students and faculty and improve their entrepreneurial ability. And the incubation guarantee focuses on the support of various elements of the entrepreneurial process. All these form the university entrepreneurial support system.
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表 1 纽约市创业行动
挑战 原因 措施 为创业者提供的物理空间有限 办公空间昂贵;没有专门资金支持初创公司办公的需要 构建联合办公空间网络;发展孵化器 缺乏科技人才 缺乏强大的工程技术类学校的支持;大部分科技人才不是本地出口 与大学合作实施应用科学计划:
纽约大学理工学院并入纽约大学,成为纽约大学坦登工学院;
新建康奈尔理工分校;
建立纽约大学“城市科学与进步研究中心”;
建立哥伦比亚大学“数据科学与工程研究所”种子基金不足 虽然纽约是许多风投行业的所在地,但这些公司认为当地的初创企业不够成熟 设立纽约市创业基金与纽约市种子基金 创业共同体有限并且不够集中 科技社区正在成长,但分散不协调;没有健全的社区基础设施或机构;创业并不是当地所推崇的职业 硬性支持:
基础设施(住宅高速宽带、公共场所免费WIFI);
信息交流共享平台Digital.NYC,可获取当地初创企业的相关信息、投资、办公场地、培训课程服务等;
吸引外地企业入驻,提供税收减免政策
软性支持:
建立创业导师网络;
任命首席数字官与技术界互动,为社区的需求提供敏捷的支持;
竞赛(如应用软件大赛BigApps Competition);
社区活动与市场营销支持来源:根据报告《New York City: Transforming a City into a Tech Innovation Leader》整理 表 2 哥伦比亚大学创业孵化资金支持
类型 目标 服务对象 资金额度 哥伦比亚大学创业大赛 为公司初创期提供投资 哥大所有学生与近年校友 25万美元 哥伦比亚大学商学院尤金朗创业基金 为公司初创期提供投资 商学院学生 20万美元 哥伦比亚大学工程创业基金 为商业创业、社会创业提供资金支持 哥大校内学生 5万美元 哥伦比亚大学本科生创新创业基金 为将学生创新想法转化为实际应用提供资金支持并辅以咨询辅导 哥大本科生 11万美元 哥伦比亚大学商学院塔纳基金 为社会创业提供资金支持 哥大所有师生 17.5万美元 哥伦比亚大学新闻学院布朗媒体创新研究所“魔法拨款项目” 支持媒体领域创业 哥大所有师生 50万美元 清洁能源加速器 确定初始客户目标市场、开发原型、进行现场测验 教师为主体 10万美元 哥伦比亚大学医学中心转化治疗加速器 提供行业专家资源,加速新治疗法的商业化进程 教师为主体 30万美元 纽约市媒体实验室 促进纽约市各个大学之间、大学与行业组织间的联系 教师为主体 12.5万美元 哥伦比亚大学生物医学加速器 从概念证明到商业投资的嫁接桥梁 教师为主体 68万美元 来源:根据报告《Columbia Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Design. Annual Report(2017)》整理 -
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