Parsons's social theory and AGIL model provide an important framework for analyzing the targeted poverty alleviation system of compulsory education in contiguous destitute areas. In fact, a sound targeted poverty alleviation system of compulsory education in contiguous destitute areas is not in place in China, and the "AGIL model" does not function as expected. Namely, the system design fails to adapt to the external environment of contiguous destitute areas(A).The targeted goal is not clear enough, owing to the misunderstanding of education and lack of self-awareness among the public (G).The targeted poverty alleviation system of compulsory education is not integrated(I). Lack of incentive mechanism to promote projects (L). Therefore, it's necessary to create an "AGIL" model for the system. This involves adapting to the external environment, establishing a demand-oriented system framework of targeted poverty alleviation, setting clear development goals and policies, and effectively integrating resources to promote the implementation in a coherent and orderly supportive system.