《全美中小学历史课程标准》及其论争

陈波

《全美中小学历史课程标准》及其论争

陈波

华东师范大学冷战国际史研究中心、历史系，上海 200241

王希：《何谓美国历史？——围绕〈全国历史教学标准〉引起的辩论》，《美国研究》1998年第4期。
Charlotte Crabtree and Gary B. Nash, The National Standards for History, LA: National Center for History in the Schools, 1996.
Joseph Moreau, Schoolbook Nation: Conflicts over American History Textbooks from the Civil War to the Present, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2003, p.3.
“History, Democracy, and Citizenship: The Debate over History’s Role in Teaching Citizenship and Patriotism”, A Report Commissioned by the Executive Board of the Organization of American Historians, 2004, available at http://www.oah.org/reports/tradhist.html
Charlotte Crabtree and Gary B. Nash, The National Standards for World History: Exploring Paths to the Present, LA: National Center for History in the Schools, 1996, Preface.
Linda Symcox, Whose History?: The Struggle for National Standards in American Classrooms, NY: Teachers College Press, 2002, p.1. 《标准》遭到各种社会力量的质疑后，主笔纳什再次召集了听证会，并用一年多的时间重新修订课标，第二版《全美中小学历史课程标准》于1996年出版。
Albert Shanker Institute，是由美国教师联合会(American Federation of Teachers)资助的非盈利、非党派组织，致力于三个主题活动：儿童教育、倡导质量以及公民教育和自由结社权利，并根据这三个主题进行研究、学术交流和提供政策建议。
Guy Gugliotta, “World History Teaching Standards Draw Critics”, Washington Post, November 11, 1994
Gary Putka, “Historians Propose Curriculum Tilted Away From West, Critics Worry Contributions Of Europeans, Americans Will Not Get Proper Due”, Wall Street Journal, November 11, 1994
Debate Over the National History Standards Between Lynne Cheney and Gary Nash, available at www.trinityhistory.org/AmH/Cheney-Nash_GMA.pdf
Ross Dunn, Response to Attack on National World History Standards, November 15, 1994, available at http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/10/006.html
Gary B. Nash, Charlotte Crabtree and Ross E. Dunn, History on Trial: Culture Wars and the Teaching of the Past, New York: A.A. Knopf, 1997, p.11.
Stuart J. Foster, “The Struggle for American Identity: Treatment of Ethnic Groups in United States History Textbooks”, in History of Education, 1999, Vol.28, No.3, pp.251-278.
Lynne Cheney, “The End of History”, in The Wall Street Journal, October 20, 1994.林恩·切尼，美国前副总统迪克·切尼(2001-2009)之妻，曾负责该项目资助人之一的“全美人文资助基金会”，但在《标准》制定过程中，她转任美国企业研究所(American Enterprise Institute, AEI)高级研究员。该智库是保守主义的堡垒之一，为改善白人基督教主义者的境遇服务。
郝雨凡：《“9·11”事件与美国保守主义》，《美国研究》2002年第2期。
Albert Shanker Institute, Education for Democracy, 2003，available at www.ashankerinst.org/Downloads/EfD%20final.pdf
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出版历程
- 刊出日期: 2013-09-01

The Debates on the National History Standards in America

Chen Bo

摘要

摘要: 20世纪90年代中期制定的《全美中小学历史课程标准》在美国教育界和社会上引发了持久争论，特别是保守主义和自由主义围绕《标准》的大辩论，表明双方都力图将中小学历史教育纳入自身的价值系统，同时也反映出教科书之争实质上是对美国的“人心之争”、“未来之争”。
- 美国 /
- 教科书 /
- 课标
注释:

1) 王希：《何谓美国历史？——围绕〈全国历史教学标准〉引起的辩论》，《美国研究》1998年第4期。

2) Charlotte Crabtree and Gary B. Nash, The National Standards for History, LA: National Center for History in the Schools, 1996.

3) Joseph Moreau, Schoolbook Nation: Conflicts over American History Textbooks from the Civil War to the Present, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2003, p.3.

4) “History, Democracy, and Citizenship: The Debate over History’s Role in Teaching Citizenship and Patriotism”, A Report Commissioned by the Executive Board of the Organization of American Historians, 2004, available at http://www.oah.org/reports/tradhist.html

5) Charlotte Crabtree and Gary B. Nash, The National Standards for World History: Exploring Paths to the Present, LA: National Center for History in the Schools, 1996, Preface.

6) Linda Symcox, Whose History?: The Struggle for National Standards in American Classrooms, NY: Teachers College Press, 2002, p.1. 《标准》遭到各种社会力量的质疑后，主笔纳什再次召集了听证会，并用一年多的时间重新修订课标，第二版《全美中小学历史课程标准》于1996年出版。

7) Albert Shanker Institute，是由美国教师联合会(American Federation of Teachers)资助的非盈利、非党派组织，致力于三个主题活动：儿童教育、倡导质量以及公民教育和自由结社权利，并根据这三个主题进行研究、学术交流和提供政策建议。

8) Guy Gugliotta, “World History Teaching Standards Draw Critics”, Washington Post, November 11, 1994

9) Gary Putka, “Historians Propose Curriculum Tilted Away From West, Critics Worry Contributions Of Europeans, Americans Will Not Get Proper Due”, Wall Street Journal, November 11, 1994

10) Debate Over the National History Standards Between Lynne Cheney and Gary Nash, available at www.trinityhistory.org/AmH/Cheney-Nash_GMA.pdf

11) Ross Dunn, Response to Attack on National World History Standards, November 15, 1994, available at http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/10/006.html

12) Gary B. Nash, Charlotte Crabtree and Ross E. Dunn, History on Trial: Culture Wars and the Teaching of the Past, New York: A.A. Knopf, 1997, p.11.

13) Stuart J. Foster, “The Struggle for American Identity: Treatment of Ethnic Groups in United States History Textbooks”, in History of Education, 1999, Vol.28, No.3, pp.251-278.

14) Lynne Cheney, “The End of History”, in The Wall Street Journal, October 20, 1994.林恩·切尼，美国前副总统迪克·切尼(2001-2009)之妻，曾负责该项目资助人之一的“全美人文资助基金会”，但在《标准》制定过程中，她转任美国企业研究所(American Enterprise Institute, AEI)高级研究员。该智库是保守主义的堡垒之一，为改善白人基督教主义者的境遇服务。

15) 郝雨凡：《“9·11”事件与美国保守主义》，《美国研究》2002年第2期。

16) Albert Shanker Institute, Education for Democracy, 2003，available at www.ashankerinst.org/Downloads/EfD%20final.pdf