基于动允性的朝向效应-具身认知的一个证据

王晓燕; 鲁忠义

基于动允性的朝向效应-具身认知的一个证据

王晓燕¹,
鲁忠义²

1.
河北廊坊中国民航管理干部学院, 廊坊 065001
2.
河北师范大学教育学院, 石家庄 050091

Grezes，J.，& Decety，J. Does visual perception of object afford action? Evidence from a neuroimaging study[J]. Neuropsychologia，2002，40:212-222.
Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. The potentiation of grasp types during visual object categorization[ J]. Visual Cognition，2001，8:769-800.
nderson，S. J.，Yamagishi，N.，& Karavia，V. Attentional processes link perception and action[ J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London，Series B，2002，269:1225-1232.
Gibson，J. J. The theory of affordances[C]. In Shaw R R， & Bransford，J(Eds). Perceiving，acting，and knowing:Toward an ecological psychology. Hillsdale，NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates，Inc，1977:66.
Vainio，L.，Ellis，R.，Tucker，M.，& Symes，E.(in press). Manual asymmetries in visually primed grasping[J]. Experimental Brain Research.
Lakoff G，&Johnson M. Philosophy in the Flesh-The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought[M]，New York，Basic Book，1999.
Yantis，S.，& Jonides，J. Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention:Voluntary versus automatic allocation[ J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1990，16:121-134.
Eysenck，M. W， & Keane M T.高定国译.认知心理学[M].第4版.华东师范大学出版社，2000:85-86.
Wells，A. J. Gibson’ s Affordances and Turing’ s Theory of Computation[J]. Ecological Psychology，2002，14(3)：141-180.
Edleman，G. M. Group selection and phasic reentrant signaling:A theory of higher brain function[C]. In G. M. Edelman & V. B. Mountcastle(Eds.)，The mindful brain:Cortical organization and the group-selective theory of higher brain junction. Cambridge，MA:MIT Press，1978.
Tucker，M.，&Ellis，R. Action priming by briefly presented objects[J]. Acta Psychologica，2004，116:185-203.
Vainio，L.，Ellis，R.，& Tucker，M. The role of visual attention in action priming[ J]. The Quarterly Journal Of Experimental Psychology，2007，60(2) :241-261.
Jones，K. S. What is an Affordance?[J] Ecological Psychology，2003，15(2):107-114.
Symes，E.，Ellis，R.，& Tucker，M. Visual object affordances:Object orientation. Manuscript submitted for publication，2006.
Clark，A.(1997). Being there:Putting brain，body and world together again. Cambridge，MA:MIT Press.
Stoffregen，T. A. Affordances and Events[J]. Ecological Psychology，2000，12(1):1-28.
Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. The potentiation of grasp types during visual object categorization[ J]. Visual Cognition，2001，8:769-800.
王寅. Lakoff&Johnson笔下的认知语言学.外国语，2001，(4):15-21.
Handy，T. C.，Grafton，S. T.，Shroff，N. M.，Ketay，S.，& Gazzaniga，M. S. Graspable objects grab attention when the potential for action is recognized[ J]. Nature Neuroscience，2003，6(4) :421-427.
Neumann，O. Beyond capacity:A functional view of attention. In H. Heuer & A. F. Sanders(Eds..，Perspectives on perception and action(pp. 361-394). Hillsdale，NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates，Inc，1987.
李其维:“认知革命”与“第二代认知科学”刍议[J].心理学报. 2008，40(12):1306-1327.
Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. On the relations between seen objects and components of potential actions[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1998，24:830-846.
Edelman. G. M. Neural Darwinisn:The theory of neuronal group selection[M]. New York:Basic Books，1987.
Greázes，J.，Tucker，M.，Armony，J.，Ellis，R.，& Passingham，R. E. Objects automatically potentiate action:An fMRI study of implicit processing[ J]. European Journal of Neuroscience，2003，17(12) :2735-2740.
Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. On the relations between seen objects and components of potential actions[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1998，24:830-846.
Zhang，J. J. Categorization of Affordances.[ EB/OL] http://acad88. sahs. uth. tmc. edu/courses/hi6301/affordance. html
Riggio，L.，Iani，C.，Gherri，E.，Benatti，F.，Rubichi，S. & Nicoletti，R. The role of attention in the occurrence of the affordance effect[J]. Acta Psychologica，2008，127:449-458.
Schneider，W. X. Space-based visual attention models and object selection:Constraints，problems，and possible solutions[ J]. Psychological Research，1993，56:35-43.
Sporns，O.，& Edelman，G. M. Solving Bernstein’ s problem:A proposal for the development of co-ordinated movement by selection[J]. Child Development，1993，64:960-981.
Eysenck，M. W， & Keane M T.高定国译.认知心理学[M].第4版.华东师范大学出版社，2000:85-86.
Handy，T. C.，Grafton，S. T.，Shroff，N. M.，Ketay，S.，& Gazzaniga，M. S. Graspable objects grab attention when the potential for action is recognized[ J]. Nature Neuroscience，2003，6(4) :421-427.
Stoffregen，T. A. Affordances and Events[J]. Ecological Psychology，2000，12(1):1-28.
王寅.认知语言学的哲学基础:体验哲学.外语教学与研究，2002，34(2):82-89.
Baylis，G. C. Visual attention and objects:Two-object cost with equal convexity[ J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology：Human Perception and Performance，1994，20:208-212.
Michaels，C. F. Affordances:Four points of debate[J]. Ecological Psychology，2003，15:135-148.
Ellis，R. & Tucker，M. Micro-affordance:The potentiation of components of action by seen objects[J]. British Journal of Psychology，2000，91:451-471.
李恒威，肖家燕:认知的具身观.自然辩证法通讯2006，1，29-34.
Gibson，J. J. The ecological approach to visual perception[M]. Boston:Houghton Mifflin，1979.
Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. The potentiation of grasp types during visual object categorization[ J]. Visual Cognition，2001，8:769-800.
Jones，K. S. What is an Affordance?[J] Ecological Psychology，2003，15(2):107-114.
Ruz，M.，& Lupi?? ez，J. A review of attentional capture:On its automaticity and sensitivity to endogenous control[ J].Psicol? gica，2002，23:283-309.
Tucker，M.，&Ellis，R. Action priming by briefly presented objects[J]. Acta Psychologica，2004，116:185-203.
Theeuwes，J. Cross-dimensional perceptual selectivity[ J]. Perception & Psychophysics，1991，50:184-193.
Jones，K. S. What is an Affordance?[J] Ecological Psychology，2003，15(2):107-114.
Tipper，S. P.，Lortie，C.，& Baylis，G. C.(1992). Selective reaching:Evidence for action-centered attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，18(4.，891-905.
Egly，R.，Driver，J.，& Rafal，R. D. Shifting visual attention between objects and locations:Evidence from normal and parietal lesion subjects[ J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General，1994，123:161-177.
Eysenck，M. W， & Keane M T.高定国译.认知心理学[M].第4版.华东师范大学出版社，2000:85-86.
Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. On the relations between seen objects and components of potential actions[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1998，24:830-846.
Yantis，S.，& Jonides，J. Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention:Evidence from selective search[ J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1984，10:601-621.
鲁忠义，陈笕桥，邵一杰:语篇理解中动允性信息的提取[J].心理学报. 2009，41(9):793-801.
Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. On the relations between seen objects and components of potential actions[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1998，24:830-846.
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出版历程
- 刊出日期: 2010-06-30

The Orientation Effect based on Affordance —An evidence of Embodied Cognition

Wang Xiaoyan¹,
Lu Zhongyi²

1.
China Civil Aviation Management Institute, Langfang, 065001
2.
Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050091

摘要

摘要: 受到具身哲学思想的影响，具身认知的研究得到了重大发展，而作为Gibson直接知觉理论核心概念的动允性（Affordance）这一概念，其丰富的含义更是引起了研究者们的广泛兴趣。朝向效应的出现则被研究者们视为物体动允性的一种体现。围绕着朝向效应，主要出现了动允性假说和注意指向假说两种主要的解释。本文对朝向效应现象的研究及其解释进行了总结概括，也对这方面的研究进行了简短的评价和展望。
- 朝向效应 /
- 动允性 /
- 具身认知
Abstract: Influenced by the Embody Philosophy, the study of embody cognition had been well developed. Affordance which is the core concept of Gibson's direct perception theory has interested many researchers. And they take the orientation effect just as a form of expression of Affordance. There are two main hypothesis about the orientation effect: The affordance hypothesis and the attention-directing hypothesis. The article summarized the research and hypothesis of orientation effect, and gave a brief review and outlook.
- the orientation effect /
- affordance /
- embody cognition
注释:

1) Grezes，J.，& Decety，J. Does visual perception of object afford action? Evidence from a neuroimaging study[J]. Neuropsychologia，2002，40:212-222.

2) Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. The potentiation of grasp types during visual object categorization[ J]. Visual Cognition，2001，8:769-800.

3) nderson，S. J.，Yamagishi，N.，& Karavia，V. Attentional processes link perception and action[ J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London，Series B，2002，269:1225-1232.

4) Gibson，J. J. The theory of affordances[C]. In Shaw R R， & Bransford，J(Eds). Perceiving，acting，and knowing:Toward an ecological psychology. Hillsdale，NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates，Inc，1977:66.

5) Vainio，L.，Ellis，R.，Tucker，M.，& Symes，E.(in press). Manual asymmetries in visually primed grasping[J]. Experimental Brain Research.

6) Lakoff G，&Johnson M. Philosophy in the Flesh-The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought[M]，New York，Basic Book，1999.

7) Yantis，S.，& Jonides，J. Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention:Voluntary versus automatic allocation[ J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1990，16:121-134.

8) Eysenck，M. W， & Keane M T.高定国译.认知心理学[M].第4版.华东师范大学出版社，2000:85-86.

9) Wells，A. J. Gibson’ s Affordances and Turing’ s Theory of Computation[J]. Ecological Psychology，2002，14(3)：141-180.

10) Edleman，G. M. Group selection and phasic reentrant signaling:A theory of higher brain function[C]. In G. M. Edelman & V. B. Mountcastle(Eds.)，The mindful brain:Cortical organization and the group-selective theory of higher brain junction. Cambridge，MA:MIT Press，1978.

11) Tucker，M.，&Ellis，R. Action priming by briefly presented objects[J]. Acta Psychologica，2004，116:185-203.

12) Vainio，L.，Ellis，R.，& Tucker，M. The role of visual attention in action priming[ J]. The Quarterly Journal Of Experimental Psychology，2007，60(2) :241-261.

13) Jones，K. S. What is an Affordance?[J] Ecological Psychology，2003，15(2):107-114.

14) Symes，E.，Ellis，R.，& Tucker，M. Visual object affordances:Object orientation. Manuscript submitted for publication，2006.

15) Clark，A.(1997). Being there:Putting brain，body and world together again. Cambridge，MA:MIT Press.

16) Stoffregen，T. A. Affordances and Events[J]. Ecological Psychology，2000，12(1):1-28.

17) Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. The potentiation of grasp types during visual object categorization[ J]. Visual Cognition，2001，8:769-800.

18) 王寅. Lakoff&Johnson笔下的认知语言学.外国语，2001，(4):15-21.

19) Handy，T. C.，Grafton，S. T.，Shroff，N. M.，Ketay，S.，& Gazzaniga，M. S. Graspable objects grab attention when the potential for action is recognized[ J]. Nature Neuroscience，2003，6(4) :421-427.

20) Neumann，O. Beyond capacity:A functional view of attention. In H. Heuer & A. F. Sanders(Eds..，Perspectives on perception and action(pp. 361-394). Hillsdale，NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates，Inc，1987.

21) 李其维:“认知革命”与“第二代认知科学”刍议[J].心理学报. 2008，40(12):1306-1327.

22) Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. On the relations between seen objects and components of potential actions[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1998，24:830-846.

23) Edelman. G. M. Neural Darwinisn:The theory of neuronal group selection[M]. New York:Basic Books，1987.

24) Greázes，J.，Tucker，M.，Armony，J.，Ellis，R.，& Passingham，R. E. Objects automatically potentiate action:An fMRI study of implicit processing[ J]. European Journal of Neuroscience，2003，17(12) :2735-2740.

25) Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. On the relations between seen objects and components of potential actions[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1998，24:830-846.

26) Zhang，J. J. Categorization of Affordances.[ EB/OL] http://acad88. sahs. uth. tmc. edu/courses/hi6301/affordance. html

27) Riggio，L.，Iani，C.，Gherri，E.，Benatti，F.，Rubichi，S. & Nicoletti，R. The role of attention in the occurrence of the affordance effect[J]. Acta Psychologica，2008，127:449-458.

28) Schneider，W. X. Space-based visual attention models and object selection:Constraints，problems，and possible solutions[ J]. Psychological Research，1993，56:35-43.

29) Sporns，O.，& Edelman，G. M. Solving Bernstein’ s problem:A proposal for the development of co-ordinated movement by selection[J]. Child Development，1993，64:960-981.

30) Eysenck，M. W， & Keane M T.高定国译.认知心理学[M].第4版.华东师范大学出版社，2000:85-86.

31) Handy，T. C.，Grafton，S. T.，Shroff，N. M.，Ketay，S.，& Gazzaniga，M. S. Graspable objects grab attention when the potential for action is recognized[ J]. Nature Neuroscience，2003，6(4) :421-427.

32) Stoffregen，T. A. Affordances and Events[J]. Ecological Psychology，2000，12(1):1-28.

33) 王寅.认知语言学的哲学基础:体验哲学.外语教学与研究，2002，34(2):82-89.

34) Baylis，G. C. Visual attention and objects:Two-object cost with equal convexity[ J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology：Human Perception and Performance，1994，20:208-212.

35) Michaels，C. F. Affordances:Four points of debate[J]. Ecological Psychology，2003，15:135-148.

36) Ellis，R. & Tucker，M. Micro-affordance:The potentiation of components of action by seen objects[J]. British Journal of Psychology，2000，91:451-471.

37) 李恒威，肖家燕:认知的具身观.自然辩证法通讯2006，1，29-34.

38) Gibson，J. J. The ecological approach to visual perception[M]. Boston:Houghton Mifflin，1979.

39) Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. The potentiation of grasp types during visual object categorization[ J]. Visual Cognition，2001，8:769-800.

40) Jones，K. S. What is an Affordance?[J] Ecological Psychology，2003，15(2):107-114.

41) Ruz，M.，& Lupi?? ez，J. A review of attentional capture:On its automaticity and sensitivity to endogenous control[ J].Psicol? gica，2002，23:283-309.

42) Tucker，M.，&Ellis，R. Action priming by briefly presented objects[J]. Acta Psychologica，2004，116:185-203.

43) Theeuwes，J. Cross-dimensional perceptual selectivity[ J]. Perception & Psychophysics，1991，50:184-193.

44) Jones，K. S. What is an Affordance?[J] Ecological Psychology，2003，15(2):107-114.

45) Tipper，S. P.，Lortie，C.，& Baylis，G. C.(1992). Selective reaching:Evidence for action-centered attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，18(4.，891-905.

46) Egly，R.，Driver，J.，& Rafal，R. D. Shifting visual attention between objects and locations:Evidence from normal and parietal lesion subjects[ J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General，1994，123:161-177.

47) Eysenck，M. W， & Keane M T.高定国译.认知心理学[M].第4版.华东师范大学出版社，2000:85-86.

48) Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. On the relations between seen objects and components of potential actions[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1998，24:830-846.

49) Yantis，S.，& Jonides，J. Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention:Evidence from selective search[ J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1984，10:601-621.

50) 鲁忠义，陈笕桥，邵一杰:语篇理解中动允性信息的提取[J].心理学报. 2009，41(9):793-801.

51) Tucker，M.，& Ellis，R. On the relations between seen objects and components of potential actions[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance，1998，24:830-846.