焦虑、抑郁青少年的情绪调节内隐态度
Implicit Attitude toward Emotion Regulation on Adolescences with Anxiety and Depression
-
摘要: 以180名青少年为研究对象,采用状态—特质焦虑问卷及抑郁自评量表筛选出高焦虑、高抑郁个体,情绪调节版内隐联想测验、情绪调节策略问卷作为研究工具,探讨其情绪调节内隐态度及其相关因素,结果发现:(1)高、低焦虑组和高、低抑郁组在情绪调节内隐态度上均存在显著差异,且焦虑、抑郁程度越高,越倾向于对情绪控制持消极态度; (2)随着焦虑程度的不断提高,个体对消极情绪刺激习惯使用的忽视策略则越少,习惯使用重视和抑制策略则越多; (3)随着抑郁程度的不断提高,个体对消极情绪刺激习惯使用的宣泄策略越多; (4)个体对情绪控制持积极内隐态度,其对消极情绪习惯使用的认知忽视策略越多且认知重视策略越少。
-
表 1 年级、性别、焦虑在情绪调节内隐态度上的方差分析结果
变量 平方和 df 均方 F 年级 0.180 2 0.09 3.159* 性别 0.009 1 0.009 0.316 焦虑 2.460 1 2.460 86.489*** 表 2 年级、性别、抑郁在情绪调节内隐态度上的方差分析结果
变量 平方和 df 均方 F 年级 0.004 2 0.002 0.049 性别 0.001 1 0.001 0.021 抑郁 0.201 1 0.201 4.438* 表 3 焦虑与情绪调节内隐态度及情绪调节策略的两两相关(r)
AN AT AS IM NE RU SU RE NA AN - AT 0.957*** - AS 0.964*** 0.846*** - EX -0.061 -0.042 -0.074 IM -0.443*** -0.408*** -0.447*** - NE -0.189* -0.176* -0.179* 0.101 - RU 0.405*** 0.429*** 0.349*** -0.254** -0.132 - SU 0.223** 0.193* 0.236** 0.014 0.279*** 0.152* - RE 0.143 0.142 0.132 -0.109 -0.034 0.396*** -0.001 - NA 0.053 0.097 0.008 -0.080 0.063 0.343*** -0.140 0.513*** - 表 4 抑郁与情绪调节内隐态度及情绪调节策略的两两相关(r)
DE IM NE RU SU RE NA DE - EX -0.032 IM -0.153* - NE -0.099 0.173* - RU 0.097 -0.114 -0.124 - SU -0.119 0.089 0.317*** -0.183* - RE 0.188* -0.037 -0.003 0.401*** 0.138 - NA 0.057 0.025 0.114 0.301*** 0.037 0.431*** - -
[1] Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 [2] Campbell-Sills, L. & Barlow, D. H. (2007). Incorporating Emotion Regulation into Conceptualizations and Treatments of Anxiety and Mood Disorders. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp.542-549). New York: Guilford Press. [3] Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: conceptual foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp.3-20). New York: Guilford Press. [4] Mauss, I. B., Evers, C., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2006). How to bite your tongue without blowing your top: Implicit evaluation of emotion regulation predicts affective responding to anger provocation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 589-602. doi: 10.1177/0146167205283841 [5] Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Automatic Emotion Regulation during anger provocation. Journal of Experiment Social Psycology, 43, 698-711. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2006.07.003 [6] Bargh, J. A. & Williams, L. E. (2007). The Nonconscious Regulation of Emotion. In J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation. New York: Guilford Press. [7] 刘俊升、桑标:《情绪调节内隐态度对个体情绪调节的影响》, 《心理科学》2009年第3期, 第571-574。 http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=xlkx200903015&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ [8] Phillips, M.L, Ladouceur, C.D., Drevets, W.C. (2008). A neural model of voluntary and automatic emotion regulation: implications for understanding the pathophysiology and neurodevelopment of bipolar disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 13, 833-857. doi: 10.1038/mp.2008.65 [9] 刘俊升:《情绪调节内隐态度的发展及其作用机制研究》, 博士学位论文, 华东师范大学, 2007年。 http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Thesis/Y1073886 [10] Levitt, J. T., Brown, T. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2004). The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 35, 747-766. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80018-2 [11] Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Acceptability and suppression of negative emotion in anxiety and mood disorders. Emotion, 6(4), 587-595. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.587 [12] 黄敏儿、郭德俊:《大学生情绪调节方式与抑郁的研究》, 《中国心理卫生杂志》第15卷第6期, 第438-441页。 http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=zxws200106028&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ [13] Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2005). Preliminary evidence for an emotion dysregulation model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 43, 1281-1310. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.08.008