小学儿童心理理论、合作行为、“马基雅维里主义”的关系

丁芳; 郭勇; 王晓芹

小学儿童心理理论、合作行为、“马基雅维里主义”的关系

苏州大学教育学院，苏州 215123

基金项目:

受教育部人文社会科学研究项目 05JA720008

全国教育科学“十五”规划重点课题 DBA050049

江苏省教育科学“十一五”规划项目 D/2009/01/139

苏州大学青年教师后期资助项目 BV206803

Sutton, J.. Bullies: Thugs or thinkers?. The Psychologist, 2001, 14 (10), 530-534.
汪向东、王希林、马弘：《心理卫生评定量表手册》(增订版)，中国心理卫生杂志社1999年版，第169-175页。
Baron-Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C., & Robertson, M.. Another advanced test of theory of mind: Evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 1997, 38 (7): 813-822.
李丹：《儿童亲社会行为的发展》，上海科学普及出版社2002年版，第20页。
Banerjee, R.. The development of an understanding of modesty. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2000, 18 (4): 499-517.
李丹：《人际互动与社会行为发展》，浙江教育出版社2008年版，第75页。
Baron-Cohen, S.. Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995: 30.
席居哲、桑标、左志宏：《心理理论研究的毕生取向》，《心理科学进展》2003年第2期。
McCabe, K., Houser, D., Ryan, L., Smith, V., & Trouard, T.. A functional imaging study of cooperation in two-person reciprocal exchange. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001, 98 (20): 11832-11835.
Paal, T., & Bereczkei, T.. Adult theory of mind, cooperation, Machiavellianism: The effect of mindreading on social relations. Personality and Individual Differences, 2007, 43 (3): 541-551.
刘明、邓赐平、桑标：《幼儿心理理论与社会行为发展关系的初步研究》，《心理发展与教育》2002年第2期。
McIlwain, D.. Bypassing empathy: A Machiavellian theory of mind and sneaky power. In B. Repacholi & V. Slaughter (eds.), Individual differences in theory of mind: Implications for typical and atypical development. New York: Psychology Press, 2003: 39-66.
Happé, F. G., Winner, E., & Brownell, H.. The getting of wisdom: Theory of mind in old age. Developmental Psychology, 1998, 34 (2): 358-362.
Happé, F. G.. An advanced test of theory of mind: Understanding of story characters’ thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1994, 24 (2):129-154.
Repacholi, B., Slaughter, V., Pritchard, M., & Gibbs, V.. Theory of mind, Machiavellianism, and social functioning in childhood. In B. Repacholi & V. Slaughter (eds.), Individual differences in theory of mind: Implications for typical and atypical development. New York: Psychology Press, 2003: 67-97.
赵俊茹、李幼穗：《交流方式对儿童青少年合作行为影响的发展研究》，《心理科学》2003年第3期。
Davies, M., & Stone, T.. Synthesis: Psychological understanding and social skills. In B. Repacholi & V. Slaughter (eds.), Individual differences in theory of mind: Implications for typical and atypical development. New York: Psychology Press, 2003: 305-352.
Declerck, C. H., & Bogaert, S.. Social value orientation: Related to empathy and the ability to read the mind in the eyes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 2008, 148 (6): 711-726.
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出版历程
- 刊出日期: 2010-09-30

摘要

摘要: 采用多种心理理论任务(包括失言理解任务、白谎任务和故事理解任务)、合作行为任务、儿童马氏量表等方法探讨小学儿童心理理论、合作行为、“马基雅维里主义”的关系。90名小学二、四、六年级儿童参加了研究。结果表明：(1)小学儿童心理理论与其合作行为之间存在显著正相关，心理理论水平可以显著预测合作行为水平。(2)小学儿童心理理论与其“马基雅维里主义”之间不存在显著相关。(3)小学儿童合作行为与其“马基雅维里主义”之间存在显著负相关，高“马基雅维里主义”小学儿童的合作行为水平显著低于低“马基雅维里主义”小学儿童。
- 心理理论 /
- 合作行为 /
- 马基雅维里主义 /
- 关系 /
- 小学儿童
注释:

1) Sutton, J.. Bullies: Thugs or thinkers?. The Psychologist, 2001, 14 (10), 530-534.

2) 汪向东、王希林、马弘：《心理卫生评定量表手册》(增订版)，中国心理卫生杂志社1999年版，第169-175页。

3) Baron-Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C., & Robertson, M.. Another advanced test of theory of mind: Evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 1997, 38 (7): 813-822.

4) 李丹：《儿童亲社会行为的发展》，上海科学普及出版社2002年版，第20页。

5) Banerjee, R.. The development of an understanding of modesty. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2000, 18 (4): 499-517.

6) 李丹：《人际互动与社会行为发展》，浙江教育出版社2008年版，第75页。

7) Baron-Cohen, S.. Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995: 30.

8) 席居哲、桑标、左志宏：《心理理论研究的毕生取向》，《心理科学进展》2003年第2期。

9) McCabe, K., Houser, D., Ryan, L., Smith, V., & Trouard, T.. A functional imaging study of cooperation in two-person reciprocal exchange. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001, 98 (20): 11832-11835.

10) Paal, T., & Bereczkei, T.. Adult theory of mind, cooperation, Machiavellianism: The effect of mindreading on social relations. Personality and Individual Differences, 2007, 43 (3): 541-551.

11) 刘明、邓赐平、桑标：《幼儿心理理论与社会行为发展关系的初步研究》，《心理发展与教育》2002年第2期。

12) McIlwain, D.. Bypassing empathy: A Machiavellian theory of mind and sneaky power. In B. Repacholi & V. Slaughter (eds.), Individual differences in theory of mind: Implications for typical and atypical development. New York: Psychology Press, 2003: 39-66.

13) Happé, F. G., Winner, E., & Brownell, H.. The getting of wisdom: Theory of mind in old age. Developmental Psychology, 1998, 34 (2): 358-362.

14) Happé, F. G.. An advanced test of theory of mind: Understanding of story characters’ thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1994, 24 (2):129-154.

15) Repacholi, B., Slaughter, V., Pritchard, M., & Gibbs, V.. Theory of mind, Machiavellianism, and social functioning in childhood. In B. Repacholi & V. Slaughter (eds.), Individual differences in theory of mind: Implications for typical and atypical development. New York: Psychology Press, 2003: 67-97.

16) 赵俊茹、李幼穗：《交流方式对儿童青少年合作行为影响的发展研究》，《心理科学》2003年第3期。

17) Davies, M., & Stone, T.. Synthesis: Psychological understanding and social skills. In B. Repacholi & V. Slaughter (eds.), Individual differences in theory of mind: Implications for typical and atypical development. New York: Psychology Press, 2003: 305-352.

18) Declerck, C. H., & Bogaert, S.. Social value orientation: Related to empathy and the ability to read the mind in the eyes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 2008, 148 (6): 711-726.

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表 1 小学儿童合作行为与心理理论及三种心理理论成分的相关与偏相关

		心理理论		认知		情感		意图
合作行为	r	0.316^**	(0.218^*)	0.123	(0.071)	0.264^*	(0.182)	0.296^**	(0.269^*)
	p	0.002	(0.041)	0.247	(0.513)	0.012	(0.091)	0.005	(0.011)
注：^* p＜0.05，^ p＜0.01，^* p＜0.001。括号内为偏相关系数。