大学生感恩影响助人行为的情景剧本实验
A Scenarios-based Experiment about the Influence of Gratitude on Helping Behavior
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摘要: 为了考察感恩对助人行为的预测作用,细化感恩与负债感、快乐之间的关系研究。研究对296名大学生进行情景实验,并采用描述性统计、协方差分析技术对研究所得数据进行统计处理。研究结果发现:感恩与负债感、快乐不同,它是一种积极的、具有社会道德价值的情感特质;感恩比负债感和快乐更能正向预测助人行为等亲社会行为。Abstract: To test the prediction of gratitude on people's helping behaviors, and make a more thorough research on the relationship between gratitude, indebtedness and happiness, 296 undergraduates were selected to fill in the situational experiment, adopting the methods of descriptive statistics and covariance analysis. Results indicated that gratitude is different from indebtedness and happiness. It is a positive emotional characteristic with value of social morality, rather than indebtedness and happiness; gratitude can positively predict pro-social behavior such as helping behavior.
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Key words:
- undergraduates /
- gratitude /
- helping behavior /
- scenarios experiment
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表 1 各处理组有效数据分布表
助人对象 合计 施助者 陌生人 情绪类别 感恩 46 45 91 负债感 54 52 106 快乐 50 49 99 合计 150 146 296 表 2 情绪类别、助人对象二因素协方差分析表
变异来源 SS df MS F p 利他观念 12.726 1 12.726 23.820 0.000 情绪类别 3.865 2 1.932 3.617 0.028 助人对象 6.104 1 6.104 11.424 0.001 情绪类别*助人对象 0.840 2 0.420 0.786 0.457 误差 154.404 289 0.534 总和 5540.000 296 表 3 大学生在助人行为上情绪类别主效应的多重事后比较结果
因素 感恩(n=91) 负债感(n=106) 快乐(n=99) F检验 p 事后检验 M SD M SD M SD 助人行为 4.40 0.630 4.24 0.775 4.15 0.873 3.518 0.031 1 > 3 注:1代表感恩,2代表负债感,3代表快乐 表 4 大学生在助人行为上助人对象主效应的多重事后比较结果
因素 施助者(n=150) 陌生人(n=146) F p 事后检验 M SD M SD 助人行为 4.39 0.704 4.12 0.818 10.851 0.001 1 > 2 注:1代表施助者,2代表陌生人 表 5 情绪类别、助人对象二因素协方差分析表
变异来源 SS df MS F p 利他观念 2.243 1 2.243 5.363 0.021 助人行为 69.892 1 69.892 167.086 0.000 情绪类别 6.900 2 3.450 8.248 0.000 助人对象 1.940 1 1.940 4.637 0.032 情绪类别*助人对象 1.528 2 0.764 1.826 0.163 误差 120.471 288 0.418 总和 4808.000 296 表 6 大学生在再次助人行为上情绪类别主效应的多重事后比较结果
因素 感恩(n=91) 负债感(n=106) 快乐(n=99) F检验 p 事后检验 M SD M SD M SD 再次助人 4.24 0.807 3.78 0.805 3.81 0.965 7.930 0.000*** 1 > 2 1 > 3 注:1代表感恩,2代表负债感,3代表快乐 表 7 大学生在再次助人行为上助人对象主效应的多重事后比较结果
因素 施助者(n=150) 陌生人(n=146) F p 事后检验 M SD M SD 再次助人 4.10 0.841 3.73 0.897 3.427 0.065 -
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