感恩：人格研究的新专题

胡瑜; 孙灯勇

感恩：人格研究的新专题

胡瑜¹,
孙灯勇²

1.
温州大学教师教育学院，温州，325035
2.
华中师范大学心理学院，武汉，430079

基金项目: 浙江省高校优秀青年教师资助计划项目

ROSENBERG E L. Levels of analysis and the organization of affect.[J] Review of General Psychology, 1988, 2: 247-270.
WOOD A M, JOSEPH S, LINLEY P A. Coping style as a psychological resource of grateful people[J]. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2007, 26:1076-1093.
MCCULLOUGH M E, KILPATRICK S D, EMMONS R A, LARSON D B. Is gratitude a moral affect[J]? Psychological Bulletin, 2001, 127:249-266.
WATKINS P C, SCHEER J, OVNICEK M, KOLTS R L. The debt of gratitude: Dissociating gratitude and indebtedness[J]. Cognition and emotion, 2006, 20:217-241.
WOOD A M, MALTBY J, STEWART N, JOSEPH S. Conceptualizing gratitude and appreciation as a unitary personality trait[J]. Personality and Individual Differences, 2008, 44: 621-632.
WOOD A M, JOSEPH S, MALTBY J. Gratitude uniquely predicts satisfaction with life: Incremental validity above the domains and facets of the five factor model[J]. Personality and Individual Differences, 2008, 45: 49-54.
张利燕，侯小花.感恩：概念、测量及其相关研究.心理科学，2010，33(2)：393-395
ALGOE S B. A relational account of gratitude: A positive emotion that strengthens interpersonal connections. Dissertation Abstracts International, 2006, 66:5137.
LYNN M. Individual differences in self-attributed motives for tipping: Antecedents, consequences, and implications[J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2009, 28:432-438.
WOOD A M, MALTBY J, STEWART N, LINLEY P A, JOSEPH S. A social cognitive model of trait and state levels of gratitude[J]. Emotion, 2008, 8: 281-290.
WATKINS P C, WOODWARD K, STONE T, KOLTS R L. Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of relationships of gratitude, and relationships with subjective well-being[J]. Social Behavior and Personality, 2003, 31: 431-452.
FROH J J, YURKEWICZ C, KASHDAN T B. Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences[J]. Journal of Adolescence, 2009, 32:633-650.
ORTONY A, CLORE G L, COLLINS A. The cognitive structure of emotions[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
GIACALONE R A, PAUL K, JURKIEWICZ C L. A preliminary investigation into the role of positive psychology in consumer sensitivity to corporate social performance[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2005, 58:295-305.
黎玉兰等.感恩：积极心理研究的新领域.社会心理研究，2008，23(2)：141-142
SIMMEL G. The sociology of Georg Simmel[M]. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1950.
GRAY S A, EMMONS R A, MORRISON A. Distinguishing gratitude from indebtedness in affect and action tendencies. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA, 2001.
SCHWARTZ B. The social psychology of the gift[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 1967:73, 1-11.
喻承甫，张卫.感恩及其与幸福感的关系.心理科学进展，2010，18(7)：1110-1121
WOOD A M, JOSEPH S, MALTBY J. Gratitude predicts psychological well-being above the Big Five facets[J]. Personality and Individual Differences, 2009, 46:443-447.
BARON R A. Reducing organizational conflict: An incompatible response approach[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1984, 69:272-279.
HEIDER F. The psychology of interpersonal relations[M]. New York: Wiley, 1958.
LARSEN J T, MCKIBBAN A R. Is happiness having what you want, wanting what you have, or both?[J]. Psychological Science, 2008, 19:371-378.
TSANG J. The effects of helper intention on gratitude and indebtedness[J]. Motiv Emot, 2006, 30:199-205.
EMMONS R A, MCCULLOUGH M E. Counting Blessings Versus Burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003, 84: 377-389.
EMMONS R A, CRUMPLER C A. Gratitude as a human strength: Appraising the evidence[J]. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2000, 19: 56-69.
MCCULLOUGH M E, EMMONS R A, TSANG J A. The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2002, 82: 112-127.
WOOD A M, MALTBY J, GILLETT R, LINLEY P A, JOSEPH S. The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies[J]. Journal of Research in Personality, 2008, 42:854-871.
WOOD A M, JOSEPH S, LLOYD J, ATKINS S. Gratitude influences sleep through the mechanism of pre-sleep cognitions[J]. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2009, 66:43-48.
LAZARUS R S, LAZARUS B N. Passion and reason: Making sense of our emotions[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
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出版历程
- 刊出日期: 2010-12-20

Gratitude：A Positive Personality Trait

摘要

摘要: 感恩是当前西方人格心理学领域研究的热点。感恩的社会认知模型认为，利益评价在特质感恩和状态感恩之间，以及情境因素与状态感恩之间起着中介的作用。许多研究对这一模型进行了验证，并发现了感恩与主观幸福感、亲社会行为以及负债感之间的关系，结果表明，感恩是幸福感强有力的预测指标，感恩的人更具有亲社会行为，感恩不同于负债感。
- 感恩 /
- 社会认知模型 /
- 幸福感 /
- 亲社会行为 /
- 负债感
Abstract: Gratitude is a heated spot in the research of personality psychology in western psychology recently. The social-cognitive model of gratitude considers that benefit appraisals mediated the relationship between trait and state levels of gratitude, and the relationship between different situations and state gratitude. Many reseachers tested the model and conducted deep research into the relationship between gratitude and subjective well-being, prosocial behavior and indebtedness. As the results show, gratitude is a robust predictor of well-being; grateful people tend to have more prosocial behaviors; and gratitude cannot be equated with indebtedness.
- gratitude /
- the social–cognitive model /
- well-being /
- prosocial behaviors /
- indebtedness
注释:

1) ROSENBERG E L. Levels of analysis and the organization of affect.[J] Review of General Psychology, 1988, 2: 247-270.

2) WOOD A M, JOSEPH S, LINLEY P A. Coping style as a psychological resource of grateful people[J]. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2007, 26:1076-1093.

3) MCCULLOUGH M E, KILPATRICK S D, EMMONS R A, LARSON D B. Is gratitude a moral affect[J]? Psychological Bulletin, 2001, 127:249-266.

4) WATKINS P C, SCHEER J, OVNICEK M, KOLTS R L. The debt of gratitude: Dissociating gratitude and indebtedness[J]. Cognition and emotion, 2006, 20:217-241.

5) WOOD A M, MALTBY J, STEWART N, JOSEPH S. Conceptualizing gratitude and appreciation as a unitary personality trait[J]. Personality and Individual Differences, 2008, 44: 621-632.

6) WOOD A M, JOSEPH S, MALTBY J. Gratitude uniquely predicts satisfaction with life: Incremental validity above the domains and facets of the five factor model[J]. Personality and Individual Differences, 2008, 45: 49-54.

7) 张利燕，侯小花.感恩：概念、测量及其相关研究.心理科学，2010，33(2)：393-395

8) ALGOE S B. A relational account of gratitude: A positive emotion that strengthens interpersonal connections. Dissertation Abstracts International, 2006, 66:5137.

9) LYNN M. Individual differences in self-attributed motives for tipping: Antecedents, consequences, and implications[J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2009, 28:432-438.

10) WOOD A M, MALTBY J, STEWART N, LINLEY P A, JOSEPH S. A social cognitive model of trait and state levels of gratitude[J]. Emotion, 2008, 8: 281-290.

11) WATKINS P C, WOODWARD K, STONE T, KOLTS R L. Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of relationships of gratitude, and relationships with subjective well-being[J]. Social Behavior and Personality, 2003, 31: 431-452.

12) FROH J J, YURKEWICZ C, KASHDAN T B. Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences[J]. Journal of Adolescence, 2009, 32:633-650.

13) ORTONY A, CLORE G L, COLLINS A. The cognitive structure of emotions[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

14) GIACALONE R A, PAUL K, JURKIEWICZ C L. A preliminary investigation into the role of positive psychology in consumer sensitivity to corporate social performance[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2005, 58:295-305.

15) 黎玉兰等.感恩：积极心理研究的新领域.社会心理研究，2008，23(2)：141-142

16) SIMMEL G. The sociology of Georg Simmel[M]. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1950.

17) GRAY S A, EMMONS R A, MORRISON A. Distinguishing gratitude from indebtedness in affect and action tendencies. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA, 2001.

18) SCHWARTZ B. The social psychology of the gift[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 1967:73, 1-11.

19) 喻承甫，张卫.感恩及其与幸福感的关系.心理科学进展，2010，18(7)：1110-1121

20) WOOD A M, JOSEPH S, MALTBY J. Gratitude predicts psychological well-being above the Big Five facets[J]. Personality and Individual Differences, 2009, 46:443-447.

21) BARON R A. Reducing organizational conflict: An incompatible response approach[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1984, 69:272-279.

22) HEIDER F. The psychology of interpersonal relations[M]. New York: Wiley, 1958.

23) LARSEN J T, MCKIBBAN A R. Is happiness having what you want, wanting what you have, or both?[J]. Psychological Science, 2008, 19:371-378.

24) TSANG J. The effects of helper intention on gratitude and indebtedness[J]. Motiv Emot, 2006, 30:199-205.

25) EMMONS R A, MCCULLOUGH M E. Counting Blessings Versus Burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003, 84: 377-389.

26) EMMONS R A, CRUMPLER C A. Gratitude as a human strength: Appraising the evidence[J]. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2000, 19: 56-69.

27) MCCULLOUGH M E, EMMONS R A, TSANG J A. The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2002, 82: 112-127.

28) WOOD A M, MALTBY J, GILLETT R, LINLEY P A, JOSEPH S. The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies[J]. Journal of Research in Personality, 2008, 42:854-871.

29) WOOD A M, JOSEPH S, LLOYD J, ATKINS S. Gratitude influences sleep through the mechanism of pre-sleep cognitions[J]. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2009, 66:43-48.

30) LAZARUS R S, LAZARUS B N. Passion and reason: Making sense of our emotions[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.