心理弹性研究中发展威胁指标诸问题

席居哲; 左志宏; 马伟军; 吴蔚

心理弹性研究中发展威胁指标诸问题

1.
华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院, 上海 200062
2.
华东师范大学学前教育与特殊教育学院, 上海 200062
3.
美国堪萨斯大学心理学系与研究方法和数据分析中心, 劳伦斯 66045-7556

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金青年项目 08CSH026

上海市教育科学研究项目 B08013

上海市浦江人才计划项目 12PJC037

上海市妇联家庭文明建设重点课题 JW1303

也有研究者将危险因子区分为危险指示(risk indicator, RI)和危险媒质(risk mediator, RM)(Nora & Ulrike, 2010;Rutter, 2005, 2006)。所谓危险指示(RI), 意为标定为有危险但其本身并不直接损害心理社会功能及其发展的因子；所谓危险媒质(RM)是指包含于导致心理问题实际作用过程的因子, 有时称作为危险机制(risk mechanism), 这才是真正对心理社会功能及其发展有直接因果作用的危险因子。不难发现, 这种区分与上述将危险因子区分为“远端的”和“近端的”的做法可谓异曲同工。远端危险(DR)与危险指示(RI)间, 以及近端危险(PR)与危险媒质(RM)间, 功能表征相同。
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出版历程
- 刊出日期: 2013-12-20

Overview of Issues on Index of Development Threats in Research on Resilience

摘要

摘要: 发展威胁指标被视为心理弹性的“试剂”, 对其整体状况进行恰切评定, 是展开心理弹性研究的重要基础步骤, 可靠、有效的发展威胁因子评定则赖于对逆境、压力、危险因子属性及其功能特征的深入把握。复杂生态系统使个体可能面对的威胁因子多种多样, 这给把握发展威胁指标带来了挑战, 研究者需要注意一系列重要问题：已有大多数研究主要关注外部威胁因子, 对内部因子不够重视；发展威胁因子需达到一定严重程度, 才能较好检测(非)心理弹性；研究者需在兼顾远端危险(危险指示)的前提下, 着重考察近端危险(危险媒质)的作用过程；还需识别那些可在危险资源连续体上游滑之因子, 即危险/资源因子。心理弹性研究者了解这些问题, 对于提高研究的揭示效力与概括化程度大有裨益。
- 心理弹性 /
- 发展威胁指标 /
- 逆境 /
- 压力 /
- 远端危险(危险指示) /
- 近端危险(危险媒质) /
- 危险/资源因子
注释:

1) 也有研究者将危险因子区分为危险指示(risk indicator, RI)和危险媒质(risk mediator, RM)(Nora & Ulrike, 2010;Rutter, 2005, 2006)。所谓危险指示(RI), 意为标定为有危险但其本身并不直接损害心理社会功能及其发展的因子；所谓危险媒质(RM)是指包含于导致心理问题实际作用过程的因子, 有时称作为危险机制(risk mechanism), 这才是真正对心理社会功能及其发展有直接因果作用的危险因子。不难发现, 这种区分与上述将危险因子区分为“远端的”和“近端的”的做法可谓异曲同工。远端危险(DR)与危险指示(RI)间, 以及近端危险(PR)与危险媒质(RM)间, 功能表征相同。

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图 1 某市城乡结合部压力/逆境综合指数人数百分比分布

根据席居哲(2006); 括号内为压力/逆境整体指标严重等级分数

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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