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1) ① Linda W alton:“The Institational Context of Neo -Confucianism: Scholar,scho0ols, and Shu-Yuan im Sung- Y uan Chins”, in de Bary and Chafee (eds.), N eo-Confurian Education, Berkeley, 1989.2) ② 林友春: 《蕾院教育史》, 学芸囡窬株式会社1989年版,第105~106、174-175页。3) ① 林友春; 《眷院教育史>, 第105—106、174—175页。4) ② John Moskill, Academies i Ming Ohina: A Hiutory Essay. Arizina: Univeraity of Arizina Prems,1982p.49.5) ③ 参见de Baxy and Chafee (eds): Noo Confucion Eduoation.6) ① 大久保英子: 《明清时代曹院の研究》, 国刊行会1976年版, 第131~162页。7) ① 参见John Meakill, Aoaiemnios彻Ming Ohina一书中“Makeup and Aetivities of the Esthy Ming Acade-my".和“Academies the OeII ef Reform"两章。8) ① 参见林友春:《杳院教育史》; 第230~231;页、第239~240页; 大久保英子:《明清时代書院の研究》, 第209~217页。9) ② Benjamin A Elman, From Philosqph to Phlosophy: Intellectual and Social Aspects of Change的Lale Imperial China, Favard University Press, 1990. pp. 40~44。10) ③ Benjamin A Elman, From Philosqph to Phlosophy: Intellectual and Social Aspects of Change的Lale Imperial China, Favard University Press, 1990. pp. 27 ~29。11) ④ Benjamin A Elman, From Philosqph to Phlosophy: Intellectual and Social Aspects of Change的Lale Imperial China, Favard University Press, 1990. pp. 67 ~85。12) ⑤ Benjamin A Elman, From Philosqph to Phlosophy: Intellectual and Social Aspects of Change的Lale Imperial China, Favard University Press, 1990. pp. 88~112。13) ① Bonjamin A Elman, From Philosophy to PhiZosophy: Intelecluab ana Sociab Aspeats 0f Chango in Late Impericl China, pp. 112~137、254~256.14) ② Banry O. Keenan, Imperial China's Last Classical Acadomies: Social Change the Lower Yong2i, 1864~1911. Berkeley: University of Californla, 1994. "Introdaction'“Chapter 1”.15) ① Barry O. Keenan, Imperial China's Last Clas sical Acdeories: Social Change in the Lower Yongzi 1864-1911. Berkeley: University of California, 1994. 'Introductiou”.16) ② Barry O. Keenan, Imperial China's Last Clas sical Acdeories: Social Change in the Lower Yongzi 1864-1911. Berkeley: University of California, 1994.“Chapter 1”.17) ③ Barry O. Keenan, Imperial China's Last Clas sical Acdeories: Social Change in the Lower Yongzi 1864-1911. Berkeley: University of California, 1994. “Chapter 3".18) ④ Barry O. Keenan, Imperial China's Last Clas sical Acdeories: Social Change in the Lower Yongzi 1864-1911. Berkeley: University of California, 1994. “Epilogue".19) ① 大久保英子: 《明清时代奮院の研究》第四章“清代书院ξ商人”, 以下所述, 均引自此章。