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摘要: 社会反应的各种描述型模型试图明确用以定义和区别不同的社会影响类型的概念维度。基于以往的理论,本文介绍了一种新的理论模型--社会反应四维模型,并且证实:在一个独立的模型中,要想解释诸如从众、少数派的影响、服从、传染:独立、反从众等社会影响现象,有4个维度是必需具备的。此外,该模型还发现以往的研究未曾揭示的5种潜在的社会影响类型。这些新类型显示出未来研究的方向及发展趋势。1) DG. W. Allport (1985). "Hie historical background of social psychology. In G. Lindzey Sr E. Arons«i(Eds.). Handbook of social psychology(3rded..Vol. t. pp. 1 - 46). New Yodc: Random House.2) E.P.Hollander(1975).In(iepen(lence.Conformity,and civil liberties: Sane inplications from social psycholo^cal research. Journal of Social Issues.31.55 - 67.3) P. R. Nail,M. D. Van Leeuwen A. B. 8t Powell (1996). The dffectance versus the self - presentational view of reactance; Are importance ratings influenced by anticipated surveillance? Journal of Social behavior and Personality.11.573 - 584.4) V.L. Allen(1965).Situational factors in conformity. In L. BeHcowia(Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2.pP. 133 - 175).New York;Academic Press.5) P.R.Nail,M.D.VanLeenwen(1993).Ananalysi8an(lre- structing of the diamond model of social response. Personality and Social Psychology bulletin. 19.106-1 16.6) F. Redi(1949).The phenomena of contagion and "shock effect" in Group therapy. In K. R. Eissler(Ed, ). Searchlight on delinquency(pp. 315 - 328). New York:International Universities Press.7) G. R. Goethals, A, L. 8t PeHstein(1978), Level of instiga¬tion and model similarity as deteiminants of aggressive behavior. Ag¬gressive Behavior.4.115 - 124.8) W. Wood Lundpen. S.. Ouellette. J. A.. Busceme • S.. B; T. Blackstone(1994). Minority influence:A metaanalytic review of social influence processes.Psychological Bulletin. 115.323 - 345.