不同类别学习任务的差异

阴国恩; 丁小斌

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2008.04.003

不同类别学习任务的差异

doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2008.04.003

天津师范大学心理与行为研究院天津 300074
天津商业大学法学院心理系天津 300134

基金项目:

本研究得到教育部人文社会科学重点基地重大研究项目 06JJDXLX003

天津市教育科学“十五”规划课题 ZZG193

详细信息

作者简介:
阴国恩(1948—), 男, 河北容城人, 天津师范大学心理与行为研究院教授、博导, 基础心理学方向

丁小斌(1972—), 男, 甘肃陇西人, 天津师范大学

Ashby, F.G., Ell, S.W.The neurobiology of category learning.Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2001, 5:204 -210
Ashby, F.G., Maddox, W.T.Human category learning.Annual Review of Psychology, 2005, 56:149 -178
Ashby, F.G., Ell, S.W.Waldron, E.M.Procedural learning in perceptual categorization. Memory ＆ Cognition, 2003, 31:1114 -1125
Ashby, F.G., O'Brien, J.B.Category learning and multiple memory systems.Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2005, 9:83 -89
Ashby, F.G., Isen, A.M., Turken, A.U.Aneuropsycho logical theory of positive affect and itsinfluence on cognition. Psychol.Rev, 1999, 106:529 -50
Gregory, F., Ashby, F.G., Ennis, J.M.The role of the basal ganglia in category learning.The psychlolgy of learning and motivation, 2006, 46: 1 -36
Markman, A.B., Ross, B.H.Category use and category learning.Psychol.Bull, 2003, 129: 592 -613
Ashby, F.G., Waldron, E.M.On the nature of implicit categorization.Psychon.Bull.Rev, 1999, 6: 363 -78
Filoteo, J.V., Maddox, W.T., SalmonD.P., SongD.D.Information-integration category learning in patients with striatal dysfunction.Neuropsy chology.2004.48: 155 -196
Nosofsky R.M., ZakiS.R.Dissociations between categorization and recognition in amnesic and normal individuals:an exemplar-based interpretation.Psychol.Sci, 1998, 9:247-55
Ashby, F.G, Noble S., Filoteo J., Waldron E.M., Ell, S.W.Category learning deficits in Parkinson's disease.Neuropsy chology, 2003, 17:115-24
Seger, C.A., Cincotta, C.M.Striatal activity in concept learning.Cogn.Affect.Behav.Neurosci, 2002, 2:149-161
Smith, J.D., Minda, J.P.Disting uishing prototype-based and exemplar-based processes in category learning.Exp.Psychol.:Learn.Mem.Cogn, 2002, 28:800-11
Aizenstein, H.J, MacDonald, A.W, Stenger, V.A, Nebes, R.D., Larson, J.K., et al.Complem en tary category learning systems identified using event-related functionalMRI.Cogn.Neurosci, 2000, 12:977 -87
Seger, C.A, Poldrack, R.A., Prabhakaran, V., Zhao, M, Glover, G.H., Gabrieli JDE.Hem ispheric asymmetries and individual differences in visual concept learning asm easured by function al MRI.Neuropsy chologia.2000, 38:1316 -24
Vogels, R., Sary, G., Dupont, P., Orban, G.A.Human brain regions involved in visual categorization.Neuroimage, 2002, 16:401 -14
Knowlton, B.J., Squire, L.R.The learning of natural categories:parallel memorysy stems for item memory and category level knowledge.Science, 1994, 262:1747-49
Gluck, M.A., Shohamy, D., Myers, C.Howdopeople solve the “weather prediction"task? Individual variability in strategies for probabilistic category learning.Learn.Mem, 2002, 9:408-18
K?eriS, Kelemen, O., Benedek, G., Janka, Z.Intactprototype learning in schizophrenia.Schizophr.Res, 2001, 52: 261-64
Poldrack, R.A, Clark, J., Pare-Blagoev, E.J., Shohamy, D, Moyano, J.C., et al.Interactive memory systemsinthe human brain.Nature, 2001, 414:546-50
Smith, J.D, Minda, J.P., Washburn, D.A.Category learning in Rhesusmonkeys:a study of the Shepard, Hov land, and Jenkins tasks.Exp.Psychol.Gen, 2004, 133:398-414
Cree, G.S., McRae, K.Analyzing the factors underlying the structure and computation of themeaning of chipmunk, cherry, chisel, cheese, and cello( and many othersuch concrete nouns) .Exp.Psychol.:Gen, 2003, 132:163-201
中图分类号: B84
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2008-09-01
- 刊出日期: 2009-01-10

摘要

摘要: 多重类别学习系统观点的提出和认知神经科学的研究进展使分类研究在过去十年中有了根本性的改变, 文章运用多重类别学习系统的观点和认知神经科学的相关研究结果, 从构造方式、理论解释和神经心理基础几个方面对类别学习研究中通常采用的四种类别学习任务———基于规则的任务、信息整合任务、原型变式任务和天气预报任务的差异进行了梳理和区分。基于规则的任务依赖于前扣带回, 需要工作记忆和执行注意的参与;信息整合任务学习实质上是一种内隐程序学习;“A, 非A"原型变式任务诱发视皮层的知觉学习;天气预报任务存在各种不同的接近最佳反应的学习策略。
- 类别学习任务 /
- 认知神经科学 /
- 多重类别学习系统
注释:

1) Ashby, F.G., Ell, S.W.The neurobiology of category learning.Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2001, 5:204 -210

2) Ashby, F.G., Maddox, W.T.Human category learning.Annual Review of Psychology, 2005, 56:149 -178

3) Ashby, F.G., Ell, S.W.Waldron, E.M.Procedural learning in perceptual categorization. Memory ＆ Cognition, 2003, 31:1114 -1125

4) Ashby, F.G., O'Brien, J.B.Category learning and multiple memory systems.Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2005, 9:83 -89

5) Ashby, F.G., Isen, A.M., Turken, A.U.Aneuropsycho logical theory of positive affect and itsinfluence on cognition. Psychol.Rev, 1999, 106:529 -50

6) Gregory, F., Ashby, F.G., Ennis, J.M.The role of the basal ganglia in category learning.The psychlolgy of learning and motivation, 2006, 46: 1 -36

7) Markman, A.B., Ross, B.H.Category use and category learning.Psychol.Bull, 2003, 129: 592 -613

8) Ashby, F.G., Waldron, E.M.On the nature of implicit categorization.Psychon.Bull.Rev, 1999, 6: 363 -78

9) Filoteo, J.V., Maddox, W.T., SalmonD.P., SongD.D.Information-integration category learning in patients with striatal dysfunction.Neuropsy chology.2004.48: 155 -196

10) Nosofsky R.M., ZakiS.R.Dissociations between categorization and recognition in amnesic and normal individuals:an exemplar-based interpretation.Psychol.Sci, 1998, 9:247-55

11) Ashby, F.G, Noble S., Filoteo J., Waldron E.M., Ell, S.W.Category learning deficits in Parkinson's disease.Neuropsy chology, 2003, 17:115-24

12) Seger, C.A., Cincotta, C.M.Striatal activity in concept learning.Cogn.Affect.Behav.Neurosci, 2002, 2:149-161

13) Smith, J.D., Minda, J.P.Disting uishing prototype-based and exemplar-based processes in category learning.Exp.Psychol.:Learn.Mem.Cogn, 2002, 28:800-11

14) Aizenstein, H.J, MacDonald, A.W, Stenger, V.A, Nebes, R.D., Larson, J.K., et al.Complem en tary category learning systems identified using event-related functionalMRI.Cogn.Neurosci, 2000, 12:977 -87

15) Seger, C.A, Poldrack, R.A., Prabhakaran, V., Zhao, M, Glover, G.H., Gabrieli JDE.Hem ispheric asymmetries and individual differences in visual concept learning asm easured by function al MRI.Neuropsy chologia.2000, 38:1316 -24

16) Vogels, R., Sary, G., Dupont, P., Orban, G.A.Human brain regions involved in visual categorization.Neuroimage, 2002, 16:401 -14

17) Knowlton, B.J., Squire, L.R.The learning of natural categories:parallel memorysy stems for item memory and category level knowledge.Science, 1994, 262:1747-49

18) Gluck, M.A., Shohamy, D., Myers, C.Howdopeople solve the “weather prediction"task? Individual variability in strategies for probabilistic category learning.Learn.Mem, 2002, 9:408-18

19) K?eriS, Kelemen, O., Benedek, G., Janka, Z.Intactprototype learning in schizophrenia.Schizophr.Res, 2001, 52: 261-64

20) Poldrack, R.A, Clark, J., Pare-Blagoev, E.J., Shohamy, D, Moyano, J.C., et al.Interactive memory systemsinthe human brain.Nature, 2001, 414:546-50

21) Smith, J.D, Minda, J.P., Washburn, D.A.Category learning in Rhesusmonkeys:a study of the Shepard, Hov land, and Jenkins tasks.Exp.Psychol.Gen, 2004, 133:398-414

22) Cree, G.S., McRae, K.Analyzing the factors underlying the structure and computation of themeaning of chipmunk, cherry, chisel, cheese, and cello( and many othersuch concrete nouns) .Exp.Psychol.:Gen, 2003, 132:163-201