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摘要: 近十年来, 一项被誉为可与DNA相媲美的神经科学新发现——镜像神经元(mirrorneuron)逐渐成为未来神经科学、认知科学、心理学界的“研究宠儿”, 众多研究发现镜像神经元系统是人类社会认知的重要神经机制。该系统与人类的动作识别、意图理解、语言进化、共情等心理活动密切相关。文章介绍了该系统在个体认知和社会行为过程中的作用与意义, 并对当前研究中所遗留的问题和未来研究方向作了反思与展望。1) Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., et al.Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions.Brain research.Cog-nitive brain research.1996, 3:131-1412) Platek, M., Keenan, J., Shackelford, K.Evolutionary cognitive neuroscience.The MITPress, 2006:132-1343) Kilner, M., Friston K, J., Frith, C.Predictive coding:an account of the mirror neuron system.Cognitive processing, 2007, 8:159-1664) Malcolm, S., Keenan, J.P.My right I:deception detection and hemispheric differences in self-awareness.Social behav-ior research, 2003, 31:767-7725) Prinz, W.Experimental approaches to action.In J.Roessler, N.Eilan (Eds.).Agency and self-awareness.Oxford U-niversity Press, 2003:175-1876) Knoblich, G., Prinz, W.Linking perception and action:An ideomotor approach.In Freund HJ, Jeannerod M, Hallett R, Leiguarda (Eds.).Higher-order motor disorders.Oxford:Oxford University press, 2005:79-1047) Lamm, C., Fischer, M.H., Decety, J.Predicting the actions of others taps into one's own somatosensory representations-A functional MRI study.Neuropsychologia, 2007, 45:2480-24918) Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi L., Gallese, V.Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of ac-tion.Nature reviews.Neuroscience, 2001, 2:661-6709) Umiltà, M.A., Kohler, E., Gallese, V., et al.“I know what you are doing”:a neurophysiological study.Neuron, 2001, 32:91-10110) Iacoboni, M., Molnar-Szakacs, I., Gallese, V., et al.Grasping the intentions of others with one's own mirror neuronsystem.PLoS biology, 2005, 3:529-53511) Gallese, V., Eagle, M.E., Migone, P.Intentional attunement:Mirror neurons and the neural underpinnings of interper-sonal relations.Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 2007, 55:131-176.12) Hadjikhani, N., Robert, M., Joseph., et al.H.Anatomical differences in the mirror neuron system and social cognitionnetwork in autism.Cerebral cortex, 2006, 16:1276-128213) Hamilton, A.F., Brindley, R.M., Frith, U.Imitation and action understanding in autistic spectrumdisorders:howval-id is the hypothesis of a deficit in the mirror neuron system?Neuropsychologia, 2007, 45:1859-186814) Wei, Chen., Ti-Fei, Yuan.Mirror neuron system as the joint from action to language.Neuroscience bulletin, 2008, 24:259-26415) Corina, D., Knapp, H.Sign language processing and the mirror neuron system.Cortex, 2006, 42:529-53916) Gentilucci, M., Benuzzi, F., Gangitano, M., et al.Grasp with hand and mouth:a kinematic study on healthy subjects.Journal of neurophysiology, 2001, 86:1685-169917) Ferrari, P.F., Gallese, V., Rizzolatti, G., et al.Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and communi-cative mouth actions in the monkey ventral premotor cortex.The European journal of neuroscience, 2003, 17:1703-171418) Fadiga, L., Craighero, L., Buccino, G., Rizzolatti, G.Speech listening specifically modulatesthe excitability of tongue muscles:a TMS study.The European journal of neuroscience, 2002, 15:399-40219) Bernardis, P., Gentilucci, M.Speech and gesture share the same communication system.Neuropsychologia, 2006, 44:178-19020) Arbib, M.A.From monkey-like action recognition to human language:An evolutionary framework for neurolinguistics.The Behavioral and brain sciences, 2005, 28:105-16721) Petrides, M., Cadoret, G., Mackey, S.Orofacial somatomotor responses in the macaque monkey homologue of Broca's are-a.Nature, 2005, 435:1235-123822) Wicker.B., Keysers, C., Plailly, J., et al.Both of us disgusted in my insula:the common neural basis of seeing andfeeling disgust.Neuron, 2003, 40:655-66423) Gallese, V., Keysers, C., Rizzolatti, G.A Unifying View of the Basis of Social Cognition.Trends in cognitive sciences, 2004, 8:396-40324) Singer, T., Frith, C.The painful side of empathy.Nature neuroscience, 2006, 8:845-84625) Jackson, P.L.Rainville, P.Decety, J.To what extent do we share the pain of others?Insight from the neural bases of painempathy.Pain, 2006, 125:5-926) Agnew, Z.K., Bhakoo, K.K., Puri, B.K.The human mirror system:a motor resonance theory of mind-reading.Brain research reviews, 2007, 54:286-29327) Glodman, A.I.Simulating minds:The philosophy, psychology and neuroscience of mindreading, New York:Oxford Uni-versity Press, 2007:4
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