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摘要: 美国心理学教授Urie Bronfenbrenner在批评传统发展研究的基础上, 提出了一个“正在演进着”的理论体系——人的发展的生物生态学模型。Bronfenbrenner提倡在发现模式中以及用生态实验的方法来研究人的发展。该理论模型具有四个定义性特征:过程、个人、情境和时间, 其中过程构成了模型的核心。这四个定义性特征之间相互影响、相互联系, 形成了一个动态的系统。人的发展的生物生态学模型提供了一种揭示人的发展的本质的新视角。
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关键词:
- 人的发展的生物生态学模型 /
- 定义性特征 /
- 最近过程 /
- 生态实验法 /
- 发现模式
1) 常杰, 葛滢, 2001, 《生态学》, 杭州:浙江大学出版社。2) Bronfenbrenner, U. (1974).“Developmental research, public policy, and the ecology of childhood”, Child Development, vol.45.3) Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979).The ecology of human development:Experiments by nature and design, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.4) Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979).The ecology of human development:Experiments by nature and design, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.5) Bronfenbrenner, U. (1989).“Ecological systems theory”, in R.Vasta (ed.), Annals ofchild development:Sixtheories of child development-Revised formulations and current issues, London:JAI Press.6) Bronfenbrenner, U., & Ceci, S.J. (1994).“Nature-nurture reconceptualized in developmental perspective:A bioeco-logical model”, Psychological Review, vol.101.7) Bronfenbrenner, U., & Evans, G.W. (2000).“Developmental science in the 21st century:Emerging questions, theoretical models, research designs, and empirical findings”, Social Development, vol.9, no.1.8) Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P.A. (1998).“The ecology of developmental processes”, in R.M.Lerner (ed.).Handbook of child psychology (5th ed., Vol.1), New York:Wiley.9) Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P.A. (2006).“The bioecological model of human development”, in W.Damon & R.M.Lerner (eds.), Handbook of child psychology (6th ed., Vol.1), Hoboken, New York:Wiley.10) Cairns, R.B., & Cairns, B.D. (1995).“Social ecology over time and space”, in P.Moen, G.H.Elder & K.Luscher (eds.), Examing lives in context, Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.11) Garbarino, J. (1984).“The evolution of an ecological perspective on human development”, in J.Anglin (ed.).Report on a research workshop-Education and support for parenting:An ecological perspective on primary prevention, Ottawa:Health and Wel-fare.
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