媒体暴力对儿童青少年攻击行为的影响和心理机制

邢淑芬; 王丹旸; 林崇德

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2015.03.010

媒体暴力对儿童青少年攻击行为的影响和心理机制

doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2015.03.010

1.
首都师范大学心理学系暨北京市“学习与认知” 重点实验室，北京 100048
2.
北京师范大学发展心理研究所，北京 100872

计量
- 文章访问数: 367
- HTML全文浏览量: 921
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 刊出日期: 2015-09-20

The Impact and Psychic Mechanism of Media Violence on Children and their Aggressive Behavior

1.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
2.
Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875,China

摘要

摘要: 随着各种新兴媒体和暴力游戏的盛行，媒体暴力与攻击行为的关系再次成为学界研究的热点。然而，对于媒体暴力与攻击行为的因果关系依然存在激烈的争议，主要有两个观点截然相反的理论模型，即一般攻击模型和催化剂模型。一般攻击模型认为，媒体暴力对攻击行为存在着即时效应和长时效应，有着不同的心理机制。但是，儿童的人格特点、原有的攻击水平、对暴力角色的认同和游戏特点等因素会对媒体暴力的影响发挥调节作用。未来需要采用新的研究范式和技术对该领域问题进行研究，以获得相对一致性的结论。
- 媒体暴力 /
- 暴力游戏 /
- 攻击行为 /
- 心理机制
Abstract: With the prevalence of new medium and violent games, the relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior has become a research focus again.However, controversy still exists regarding the causal relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior, including two opposite theoretical models:General Aggressive Model and Catalyst Model.According to the General Aggressive Model, the effects of media violence on aggressive behavior involve short-term and long-term effect, with different psychic mechanisms.However, such factors as children's personality, initial aggressive level, their recognition of the role and characteristics of the game will play a regulatory role.In this regard, future studies will be conducted using new paradigms and techniques, in order to reach a relatively consistent conclusion.
- media violence /
- violent video game /
- aggressive behavior /
- psychic mechanism

HTML全文

图 1 一般攻击模型(Anderson & Bushman，2002)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(40)

[1]	段东园, 魏柳青, 周义斌, 刘畅, & 张学民. (2014).暴力媒体接触程度对攻击行为的影响——规范信念和移情的作用.心理发展与教育, 30, 2, 185-192. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/82720X/201402/49023395.html
[2]	郭晓丽, 江光荣, & 朱旭. (2009).暴力电子游戏的短期脱敏效应:两种接触方式比较.心理学报, 41, 259-266. http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/48cd9b11866fb84ae45c8dbb-3.html
[3]	张学民, 李茂, 宋艳, 李永娜, & 魏柳青. (2009).暴力游戏中射杀动作和血腥成分对玩家和观看者攻击倾向的影响.心理学报. 41, 36, 1228-1236 http://www.oalib.com/paper/4943496
[4]	朱滢, 隋洁. (2004).社会认知神经科学——一个很有前途的交叉学科, 心理与行为研究, 2004, 2, 2, 401-404 http://www.cqvip.com/QK/87994X/200402/3000589309.html
[5]	American Psychological Association. (2005). Resulution on violence in videogames and interactive media. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/about/governance/council/policy/interactive-media.pdf
[6]	Anderson, C.A.(1997).Effects of violent movies and trait hostility on hostile feelings and aggressive thoughts.Aggressive Behavior, 23, 3, 161 -178.
[7]	Anderson, C.A., & Bushman, B.J.(2001).Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior:A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature.Psychological Science, 12, 5, 353-359. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00366
[8]	Anderson, C.A., & Bushman, B.J.(2002).Human aggression.Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 27-51. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231
[9]	Anderson, C. A., Carnagey, N. L., & Eubanks, J. (2003). Exposure to violent media: The effects of songs with violent lyrics on aggressive thoughts and feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 5, 960-971. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.960
[10]	Barlett, C.P., Harris, R.J., & Bruey, C.(2008).The effect of the amount of blood in a violent video game on aggression, hostility, and arousal.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 3, 539-546. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2007.10.003
[11]	Belsky, J., & Pluess, M.(2009).Beyond Diathesis Stress:Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences.Psychological Bulletin, 135, 6, 885-908. doi: 10.1037/a0017376
[12]	Boxer, P., Huesmann, L. R., Bushman, B. J., O' Brien, M., & Moceri, D. (2009). The role of violent media preference in cumulative developmental risk for violence and general aggression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 3, 417-428. doi: 10.1007/s10964-008-9335-2
[13]	Brummert Lennings, H. I., & Warburton, W. A. (2011). The effect of auditory versus visual violent media exposure on aggressive behaviour: The role of song lyrics, video clips and musical tone. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 4, 794-799. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.02.006
[14]	Bushman, B. J., & Huesmann, L. R. (2012). Effects of violent media on aggression. In D. G. Singer & J. L. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of children and the media (2nd ed.). (pp. 231-248). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.
[15]	Calvert, S. L., & Tan, S. L. (1994). Impact of virtual reality on young adults' physiological arousal and aggressive thoughts: Interaction versus observation. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 15, 1, 125-139. doi: 10.1016/0193-3973(94)90009-4
[16]	Carnagey, N. L., Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2007). The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real -life violence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 3, 489-496. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.003
[17]	Charles, E. P., Baker, C. M., Hartman, K., Easton, B. P., & Kreuzberger, C. (2013). Motion capture controls negate the violent video -game effect. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.028
[18]	Consortium of Scholars.2013.Scholar's open statement to the APA task force on violent media.Retrieved from http://www.christopherjferguson.com/APA%20Task%20Force%20Comment1.pdf
[19]	Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., & Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Causal relationship or byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35, 3, 311-332. doi: 10.1177/0093854807311719
[20]	Ferguson, C. J., & Kilburn, J. (2010). Much ado about nothing: The misestimation and overinterpretation of violent video game effects in Eastern and Western nations: Comment on Anderson et al. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 2, 174-178. doi: 10.1037/a0018566
[21]	Ferguson, C. J. (2015). Does media violence predict societal violence? It depends on what you look at and when. Journal of Communication, 65, 1-22 doi: 10.1111/jcom.12141
[22]	Funk, J. B., Baldacci, H. B., Pasold, T., & Baumgardner, J. (2004). Violence exposure in real -life, video games, television, movies, and the internet: Is there desensitization? Journal of Adolescence, 27, 1, 23-39. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.10.005
[23]	Hasan, Y., Bègue, L., Scharkow, M., & Bushman, B. J. (2013). The more you play, the more aggressive you become: A long -term experimental study of cumulative violent video game effects on hostile expectations and aggressive behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 2, 224-227. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.016
[24]	Huesmann, L. R., Moise -Titus, J., Podolski, C. -L., & Eron, L. D. (2003). Longitudinal relations between children' s exposure to TV violence and their aggressive and violent behavior in young adulthood: 1977-1992. Developmental Psychology, 39, 2, 201-221. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.39.2.201
[25]	Huesmann, L. R. (2007). The Impact of Electronic Media Violence: Scientific Theory and Research. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 6, 6-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.005
[26]	Ivory, J. (2013). Videogames as a multifaceted medium: A review of quantitative social science research on videogames and a typology of videogame research approaches. Review of Communication Research, 1, 1, 31-68. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265600263_Video_Games_as_a_Multifaceted_Medium_A_Review_of_Quantitative_Social_Science_Research_on_Video_Games_and_a_Typology_of_Video_Game_Research_Approaches
[27]	Ivory, J. D., & Kalyanaraman, S. (2007). The Effects of Technological Advancement and Violent Content in Video Games on Players'Feelings of Presence, Involvement, Physiological Arousal, and Aggression. Journal of Communication, 57, 3, 532-555. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00356.x
[28]	Jerabeck, J. M., & Ferguson, C. J. (2013). The influence of solitary and cooperative violent video game play on aggressive and prosocial behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 6, 2573-2578. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.034
[29]	Johnson, J. G. C. P. E. M. K. S. J. S. (2002). Television Viewing and Aggressive Behavior During Adolescence and Adulthood. Science, 295, 2468-2483. doi: 10.1126/science.1062929
[30]	Josephson, W. L. (1987). Television violence and children' s aggression: Testing the priming, social script, and disinhibition predictions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 5, 882-890. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.53.5.882
[31]	Konijn, E. A., Nije Bijvank, M., & Bushman, B. J. (2007). I wish I were a warrior: The role of wishful identification in the effects of violent video games on aggression in adolescent boys. Developmental Psychology, 43, 4, 1038-1044. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.1038
[32]	Liebert, R. M., & Baron, R. A. (1972). Some immediate effects of televised violence on children' s behavior. Developmental Psychology, 6, 3, 469-475. doi: 10.1037/h0032584
[33]	Lin, J. H. (2013). Do video games exert stronger effects on aggression than film? The role of media interactivity and identification on the association of violent content and aggressive outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 3, 535-543. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.001
[34]	Markey, P. M., & Scherer, K. (2009). An examination of psychoticism and motion capture controls as moderators of the effects of violent video games. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 2, 407-411. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2008.10.001
[35]	Markey, P. M., & Markey, C. N. (2010). Vulnerability to violent video games: A review and integration of personality research. Review of General Psychology, 14, 2, 82-91. doi: 10.1037/a0019000
[36]	McGloin, R. (2012). The effects of perceived realism and controller naturalness on immersion and aggression in a violent video game. (Dissertation), University of Connecticut, US.
[37]	Montag, C., Weber, B., et al. (2012). Does excessive play of violent first -person -shooter -video -games dampen brain activity in response to emotional stimuli? Biological Psychology, 89, 1, 107-111. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.09.014
[38]	Qian, Z., & Zhang, D. J. (2014). The effects of viewing violent movie via computer on aggressiveness among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 320-325. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.008
[39]	Willoughby, T., Adachi, P. J. C., & Good, M. (2012). A longitudinal study of the association between violent video game play and aggression among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 48, 4, 1044-1057. doi: 10.1037/a0026046
[40]	Wright, M. F., & Li, Y. (2013). The Association Between Cyber Victimization and Subsequent Cyber Aggression: The Moderating Effect of Peer Rejection. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 5, 662-674. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9903-3