直通他心的“刹车”：五问具身模拟论

陈巍; 张静

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2015.04.010

直通他心的“刹车”：五问具身模拟论

doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2015.04.010

陈巍¹,
张静²

1.
绍兴文理学院心理学系, 浙江绍兴 312000
2.
荷兰莱顿大学脑与认知研究所, 莱顿 2333 AK

基金项目:

浙江省高校重大人文社科攻关计划项目“神经科学与现象学对话中的他心问题研究” 2013QN003

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出版历程
- 刊出日期: 2015-12-20

Putting the Brakes on Direct Access to Other Minds: Five Problems for the Embodied Simulation

CHEN Wei¹,
ZHANG Jing²

1.
Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
2.
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, Netherlands

摘要

摘要: 直接社会知觉立场在认识论上质疑了基于理智主义的他心观。理解他心不是像后者所预设的“心智思考另一个心智”, 而应被视为“具身心智知觉另一个具身心智”。作为直接社会知觉的实体理论, 具身模拟论强调对心智模拟的核心概念进行再利用, 经由镜像神经元活动产生的运动模拟, 以一种直接的、自动化的、前反思的加工方式来通达他心。然而, 这个模型面临如下五个问题:相似的大脑-身体系统并非社会互动的必要条件; 自身运动能力并非理解动作意图的必要条件; 镜像神经元经典实验的解释并非不可兼容于心智化; 具身模拟并非是在刺激贫乏而是在刺激丰富背景下产生的; 镜像神经元是联想学习而非自然选择的产物。
- 他心问题 /
- 直接社会知觉 /
- 镜像神经元 /
- 具身模拟
Abstract: Based on intellectualism, many mainstream researches anticipate understanding other minds as "one mind thinking about the other minds".In recent years, however, this view has been challenged by the "direct social perception"(DSP).According to DSP, problems of accessing to other minds should not be regarded as "mind thinking about minds", instead, the explanandum in intersubjectivity must include "embodied mind perceiving embodied minds".As a substantive theory of DSP, embodied simulation(ES) emphasizes on reusing the core concept of mental simulation and posits a motion simulation as an automatic, unconscious, pre-reflective mechanism to go straight to the other minds, which is generated by the activities of mirror neurons.I propose five problems that should be addressed in order to support ES, and brake on direct access to other minds:(1) the similarity of brain-body system is not necessary for social interaction; (2) the priming of ES is affected by plenty of stimulus rather than the lack of stimulus; (3) activation of own motor program is not necessary for action understanding; (4) the accounts for classic experiments of mirror neuron is compatible with mentalizing accounts; (5) mirror neurons originate from sensorimotor associative learning rather than gene-based natural selection or adaptation.
- other minds problem /
- direct social perception /
- mirror neurons /
- embodied simulation

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