Ecological Development of Entrepreneurship Education: Perspective of GALCHS
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摘要: 创业教育生态体系建设是当前国际创业教育理论与实践普遍关注的热点问题。我国创业教育生态体系建设要树立以全球(Global)、全民(All)和终身(Lifelong)为外驱力,以互补性(Complementary)、整体性(Holistic)和可持续性(Sustainable)为内应力的“GALCHS”创业教育生态发展观念, 破解学校创业教育“生态位”角色缺失、政策因子缺位、创业教育生态系统运行基础薄弱等难题,推进创业教育生态系统萌芽、发育并进入“稳态”。Abstract: How to build an ecosystem of entrepreneurship education has become a major concern all around the world, either at the theoretical or practical level.Current researches focus on the university-based entrepreneurship ecosystem (U-BEE), and it's believed that universities are the hub of the ecosystem, which provides the infrastructure, capital and training to students' entrepreneurial activities through dealing with the stakeholders like the governments, enterprises and markets.Entrepreneurship education ecosystem is a functional body.The school system is the core of the ecosystem, while the government, families, enterprises, and other social institutions should join the ecosystem as an input environment.The school system educates innovational and enterprising talents for society in return.To construct an entrepreneurship education ecosystem, it's essential to analyze the elements of the system and its operational mechanism and make a top-level design as a whole including the concept, positioning and objectives of ecological entrepreneurship education.In accordance with the mission and internal requirements of entrepreneurship education, Chinese ecosystem of entrepreneurship education should establish the idea of GALCHS, i.e.global, all, lifelong, complementary, holistic and sustainable.Global entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship for all and lifelong entrepreneurship are the three main external powers of the current social development.Complementary, holistic and sustainable are the other three internal stresses in the ecosystem.Entrepreneurship education develops like whirling through the interaction of external and internal power.However, the current ecosystem of entrepreneurship education is still at the stage of infancy, it even has not stepped into the puberty time, let alone a steady state.At present, entrepreneurship education develops vigorously in universities, but it is not popular in the elementary and secondary schools.The Chinese governments, either at the central or local level, have issued both general policies and specific regulations concerning entrepreneurship education, in order to create a favorable environment for students and the development of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.But it seems that the entrepreneurship education policies lack a holistic plan for the development of society and economy.It would be difficult to support the effective operation of the entrepreneurship education without sufficient internal and external resources, like practical training platforms, business incubators, venture capitals, curriculum, teachers, etc.According to GALCHS, to promote the budding, growth, and steady state of ecosystem of entrepreneurship education, colleges and universities in China should solve the problem of role missing in the ecosystem of entrepreneurship education, and more efficient polices need to be produced and the basis of entrepreneurship should be reinforced in the ecosystem of entrepreneurship education.
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表 1 我国促进创业和创业教育发展的相关政策法规
年份 政策文件 发布单位 与创业教育生态发展相关的目标 1998 面向21世纪教育振兴行动计划 教育部 提出创业教育目标 2002 普通高校《创业教育》试点工作会议 教育部 部署创业教育试点 2003 中华人民共和国中小企业促进法 人大常委会 促进中小企业发展 2005 关于进一步做好2006年高校毕业生就业相关工作 劳动和社会保障部办公厅 促进高校学生就业 2005 设立KAB创业教育(中国)项目 共青团中央、全国青联与国际劳工组织合作 加强创业培训 2007 关于进一步加强创业培训推进创业促就业工作的通知 劳动和社会保障部 加强创业培训 2008 中华人民共和国就业促进法 人大常委会 促进就业 2008 国务院办公厅关于促进以创业带动就业工作的指导意见 国务院 促进创业、就业 2010 关于实施大学生创业引领计划的通知 人力资源和社会保障部 促进学生创业 2010 教育部关于大力推进高等学校创新创业
教育和大学生自主创业工作的意见教育部 促进学生创业 2012 教育部办公厅关于印发《普通本科学校创业教育教学基本要求(试行)》的通知 教育部办公厅 提出创业教育基本要求 2014 国务院关于扶持小型微型企业健康发展的意见 国务院 促进中小型企业发展 2015 国务院办公厅关于深化高等学校创新创业教育改革的实施意见 国务院 推进创业教育 -
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