Based on the relevant studies, this paper, from the theoretical perspective, analyzes and summarizes a three-factor model of the alignment of teaching-learning-assessment—the alignment of learning-teaching, the alignment of teaching-assessment, and the alignment of assessment-learning. The model is empirically examined and validated. Through the exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency validity examination and confirmatory factor analysis, the paper suggests that the three-factor structure of aligning teaching, learning, and assessment is reasonable with good reliability and structural validity, which verifies the rationality of the theoretical model from the empirical perspective.