The questionnaire survey is conducted with 20804 students of grade three to grade eight from fifteen provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. The study shows the following findings: First, on the whole, the quality of school life conditions of primary school students is better than that of the middle school students; Second the quality of life conditions of the students from the more reputable schools is better than that of students from ordinary schools and town and village schools; Third, the weak internal motivation of learning leads to the strong pragmatic and instrumental orientation; Fourth, educational atmosphere exhibits the following features of cultural transformation: Authoritative teachers are with strong appetency; on the other hand, the education methods are generally oversimplified. The class collective culture is poorly constructed but evidently related to the learning status of the students, to the concept of learning and teacher-student relationship.