Educational equilibrium development means that, under certain resource conditions, educational development should adapt itself to the development of society and economy, the educational resources should be equably allotted to all levels of education, regions, urban and rural areas, schools and social groups, which will provide the equably educational chances and conditions to all educate and ensure their educational rights can be fully realized. To measure the process of educational equilibrium development of PRC., which has important significance for both theory research and policy making, the paper sets up a target of educational equilibrium development and the calculation result shows that the condition of educational equilibrium development of China has been improved obviously since 1949. However, narrowing the gap is still the main content and core mission of educational equilibrium development at present.